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^ “The Collective Action Problem 。GEOG 30N: Geographic Perspectives on Sustainability and Human-Environment Systems, 2011” (英語). www.e-education.psu.edu. 2018年4月18日閲覧。
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^ Robinson, D.R.; Goforth, D.J. (May 5, 2004). Alibi games: the Asymmetric Prisoner' s Dilemmas. Meetings of the Canadian Economics Association, Toronto, June 4?6, 2004. オリジナルのDecember 6, 2004時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20041206170244/http://economics.ca/2004/papers/0359.pdf 2020年5月2日閲覧。. 
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^ Weber, M.; Kopelman, S.; Messick, D. (2004). “A conceptual Review of Decision Making in Social Dilemmas: Applying the Logic of Appropriateness”. Personality and Social Psychology Review 8 (3): 281?307. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_4. PMID 15454350. 
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^ a b Kenneth T. Frank; Brian Petrie; Jae S. Choi; William C. Leggett (2005). “Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Ecosystem”. Science 308 (5728): 1621?1623. Bibcode: 2005Sci...308.1621F. doi:10.1126/science.1113075. PMID 15947186. 
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^ W F Lloyd - Two Lectures on the Checks to Population (1833)
^ Maaravi, Yossi; Levy, Aharon; Gur, Tamar; Confino, Dan; Segal, Sandra (2021-02-11). “"The Tragedy of the Commons": How Individualism and Collectivism Affected the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Frontiers in Public Health 9: 627559. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.627559. ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 7905028. PMID 33643992. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905028/. 
^ Platt, J (1973). “Social traps”. American Psychologist 28 (8): 641?651. doi:10.1037/h0035723. 
^ Wallace, M.D. (1979). Arms races and escalations: some new evidence. In J.D. Singer (Ed.), Explaining war: Selected papers from the correlates of war project (pp. 24-252). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
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^ “Voting matters even if your vote doesn't: A collective action dilemma” (英語). Princeton University Press Blog. (2012年11月5日). ⇒オリジナルの2018年12月9日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20181209073429/http://blog.press.princeton.edu/2012/11/05/voting-matters-even-if-your-vote-doesnt-a-collective-action-dilemma/ 2018年4月18日閲覧。 
^ Kanazawa, Satoshi (2000). “A New Solution to the Collective Action Problem: The Paradox of Voter Turnout”. American Sociological Review 65 (3): 433?442. doi:10.2307/2657465. JSTOR 2657465. 

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