集合行為問題
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出典^ Brown, Garrett; McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair, eds (2018-01-18). ⇒“Collective action problem” (英語). Collective action problem - Oxford Reference. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199670840.001.0001. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 9780199670840. ⇒http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199670840.001.0001/acref-9780199670840-e-223 2018年4月11日閲覧。
^ Erhard Friedberg, "Conflict of Interest from the Perspective of the Sociology of Organized Action" in Conflict of Interest in Global, Public and Corporate Governance, Anne Peters & Lukas Handschin (eds), Cambridge University Press, 2012
^ Allison, S. T.; Beggan, J. K.; Midgley, E. H. (1996). “The quest for "similar instances" and "simultaneous possibilities": Metaphors in social dilemma research”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (3): 479?497. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.479.
^ Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan
^ Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature
^ a b Sandler, Todd (2015-09-01). “Collective action: fifty years later” (英語). Public Choice 164 (3?4): 195?216. doi:10.1007/s11127-015-0252-0. ISSN 0048-5829.
^ Rapoport, A. (1962). The use and misuse of game theory. Scientific American, 207(6), 108?119. ⇒http://www.jstor.org/stable/24936389
^ “What is Game Theory?”. levine.sscnet.ucla.edu. 2018年4月16日時点の ⇒オリジナルよりアーカイブ。2018年4月18日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒Game theory II: Prisoner's dilemma 。Policonomics” (英語). policonomics.com (2013年2月4日). 2018年4月18日閲覧。
^ “The Collective Action Problem 。GEOG 30N: Geographic Perspectives on Sustainability and Human-Environment Systems, 2011” (英語). www.e-education.psu.edu. 2018年4月18日閲覧。
^ Rapoport, A., & Chammah, A. M. (1965). Prisoner's Dilemma: A study of conflict and cooperation. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
^ Van Vugt, M., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2006). Psychological adaptations for prosocial behavior: The altruism puzzle. In M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson, & D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolution and Social Psychology (pp. 237?261). New York: Psychology Press.
^ Robinson, D.R.; Goforth, D.J. (May 5, 2004). Alibi games: the Asymmetric Prisoner' s Dilemmas. Meetings of the Canadian Economics Association, Toronto, June 4?6, 2004. オリジナルのDecember 6, 2004時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20041206170244/http://economics.ca/2004/papers/0359.pdf 2020年5月2日閲覧。.
^ Beckenkamp, Martin; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike; Maier-Rigaud, Frank P. (March 4, 2007) (英語) (preprint link). ⇒Cooperation in Symmetric and Asymmetric Prisoner's Dilemma Games. マックス・プランク共同財研究所（英語版）. ⇒http://homepage.coll.mpg.de/pdf_dat/2006_25online.pdf.
^ Weber, M.; Kopelman, S.; Messick, D. (2004). “A conceptual Review of Decision Making in Social Dilemmas: Applying the Logic of Appropriateness”. Personality and Social Psychology Review 8 (3): 281?307. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_4. PMID 15454350.
^ Kopelman, S (2009). “The effect of culture and power on cooperation in commons dilemmas: Implications for global resource management”. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 108: 153?163. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.06.004. hdl:2027.42/50454.
^ Allison, S. T.; Kerr, N.L. (1994). “Group correspondence biases and the provision of public goods”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (4): 688?698. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.688.
^ Baumol, William (1952). Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
^ Karau, Steven J.; Williams, Kipling D. (1993). “Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (4): 681?706. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681. 個人が集団で働くときに、個人で働くときや共同で働くときと比べて、モチベーションと努力が低下すること
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