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^ Turetzek, Natascha; Pechmann, Matthias; Schomburg, Christoph; Schneider, Julia; Prpic, Nikola-Michael (2016-01). “Neofunctionalization of a Duplicate dachshund Gene Underlies the Evolution of a Novel Leg Segment in Arachnids” (英語). Molecular Biology and Evolution 33 (1): 109?121. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv200. ISSN 0737-4038. https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/molbev/msv200. 
^ SCHMIDT, Michel; MELZER, Roland R.; BICKNELL, Russell D. C. (2021-10-10). “Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho‐functional approach”. Integrative Zoology 17 (1): 156?167. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12591. ISSN 1749-4877. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12591. 
^ a b 季雄, 椎野 (1963). “甲殻類系統発生雑記(動物分類学会シンポジウム講演要旨)”. 動物分類学会会報 28: 7?12. doi:10.19004/jsszc.28.0_7. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsszc/28/0/28_KJ00003743298/_article/-char/ja/. 
^ a b “Crustacea Glossary::Definitions (Stenopodous)”. research.nhm.org. 2022年3月27日閲覧。
^ a b Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher; Covich, Alan P. (2015-01-01), Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher, eds. (英語), Chapter 27 - Introduction to “Crustacea”, Academic Press, pp. 671?686, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385026-3.00027-9, ISBN 978-0-12-385026-3, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123850263000279 2022年4月16日閲覧。 
^ a b c Olesen, J.; Richter, S.; Scholtz, G. (2001-12). “The evolutionary transformation of phyllopodous to stenopodous limbs in the Branchiopoda (Crustacea)--is there a common mechanism for early limb development in arthropods?”. The International Journal of Developmental Biology 45 (8): 869?876. ISSN 0214-6282. PMID 11804030. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11804030/. 
^ a b Pabst, Tino; Scholtz, Gerhard (2009-01-01). “The Development of Phyllopodous Limbs in Leptostraca and Branchiopoda” (英語). Journal of Crustacean Biology 29 (1): 1?12. doi:10.1651/08/3034.1. ISSN 0278-0372. https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/29/1/1/2548048. 
^ “Crustacea Glossary::Definitions (protopod)”. research.nhm.org. 2021年12月14日閲覧。
^ a b c d Cohen, A. C.; Martin, Joel W.; Kornicker, L. S. (2007). Homology of Holocene Ostracode Biramous Appendages with those of Other Crustaceans: The Protopod, Epipod, Exopod and Endopod. doi:10.1111/J.1502-3931.1998.TB00514.X. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Homology-of-Holocene-Ostracode-Biramous-Appendages-Cohen-Martin/763fbfcc52f2117374f7698957b39e82b2c57873. 
^ a b Haug, Joachim T; Briggs, Derek EG; Haug, Carolin (2012). ⇒“Morphology and function in the Cambrian Burgess Shale megacheiran arthropod Leanchoilia superlata and the application of a descriptive matrix” (英語). BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-162. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3468406. PMID 22935076. ⇒http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-12-162
^ a b c d e Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Legg, David A.; Lan, Tian; Hou, Jin-bo; Zhang, Xi-guang (2018-02-01). “Early Cambrian fuxianhuiids from China reveal origin of the gnathobasic protopodite in euarthropods” (英語). Nature Communications 9 (1): 1?9. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02754-z. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02754-z. 
^ a b c d e f g Liu, Yu; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Schmidt, Michel; Bond, Andrew D.; Melzer, Roland R.; Zhai, Dayou; Mai, Huijuan; Zhang, Maoyin et al. (2021-07-30). “Exites in Cambrian arthropods and homology of arthropod limb branches” (英語). Nature Communications 12 (1): 4619. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24918-8. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24918-8. 
^ “A TEXTBOOK OF ARTHROPOD ANATOMY”. flexpub.com. 2022年3月10日閲覧。
^ a b c Maas, Andreas; Haug, Carolin; Haug, Joachim; Olesen, Jorgen; Zhang, Xi-Guang; Waloszek, Dieter (2009-09-01). “[1]”. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 67: 255?273.
^ a b c d Wolff, Carsten; Scholtz, Gerhard (2008-05-07). “The clonal composition of biramous and uniramous arthropod limbs” (英語). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275 (1638): 1023?1028. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1327. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 2600901. PMID 18252674. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5598941. 
^ “gnathobase”. Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. 2021年3月10日閲覧。
^ Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Ledogar, Justin A.; Wroe, Stephen; Gutzler, Benjamin C.; Watson, Winsor H.; Paterson, John R. (2018-10-24). “Computational biomechanical analyses demonstrate similar shell-crushing abilities in modern and ancient arthropods”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285 (1889): 20181935. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1935. PMC 6234888. PMID 30355715. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.1935. 
^ Hou, Jin-bo; Hughes, Nigel C.; Hopkins, Melanie J. (2021-03-31). “The trilobite upper limb branch is a well-developed gill”. Science Advances 7 (14): eabe7377. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe7377. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abe7377. 
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Janssen, Ralf; Budd, Graham E. (2017-05-01). ⇒“Origin and evolution of the panarthropod head ? A palaeobiological and developmental perspective” (英語). Arthropod Structure & Development 46 (3): 354?379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039. ⇒http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803916301669
^ Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-06-17). “The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods” (English). Current Biology 29 (12): R592?R602. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(19)30486-5. 
^ “arthropodizationの意味・使い方・読み方 。Weblio英和辞書”. ejje.weblio.jp. 2022年4月12日閲覧。
^ Grasshoff, M. (1981-10-31). “Arthropodization as a bio mechanical process and the origin of trilobite construction” (英語). Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 55 (3-4): 219?236. https://eurekamag.com/research/004/780/004780911.php. 
^ a b Min, G. S.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, W. (1998-02-28). “Molecular phylogeny of arthropods and their relatives: polyphyletic origin of arthropodization”. Molecules and Cells 8 (1): 75?83. ISSN 1016-8478. PMID 9571635. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9571635/. 

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