以下は英語版の引用文献"references"であり、日本語化の際には必ずしも参照していない。^ Fagri, Knut; L. van der Pijl (1979). The principles of pollination ecology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press 
^ Proctor M , P. Yeo, and A. Lack (1996). The natural history of pollination. HarperCollins, London 
^ a b c d e f g Fenster, CB, WS Armbruster, P Wilson, MR Dudash, and JD Thomson (2004). “Pollination syndromes and floral specialization”. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 35: 375?403. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132347. 
^ Oliveira PE, PE Gibbs, and AA Barbosa (2004). “Moth pollination of woody species in the Cerrados of Central Brazil: a case of so much owed to so few?”. Plant Systematics and Evolution 245 (1-2): 41?54. doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0120-0. 
^ Tan, KH and R Nishida (2000). “Mutual reproductive benefits between a wild orchid, Bulbophyllum patens, and Bactrocera fruit flies via a floral synomone.”. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26: 533?546. doi:10.1023/A:1005477926244. 
^ Tan, KH, LT Tan and R Nishida (2006). “Floral phenylpropanoid cocktail and architecture of Bulbophyllum vinaceum orchid in attracting fruit flies for pollination.”. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32: 2429?2441. doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9154-4. 
^ Kastinger C, and A Weber (2001). “Bee-flies (Bombylius spp., Bombyliidae, Diptera) and the pollination of flowers”. Flora 196 (1): 3?25. 
^ a b Jones, GD and SD Jones (2001). “The uses of pollen and its implication for Entomology”. Neotropical Entomology 30 (3): 314?349. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2001000300001. 
^ a b Gullan, PJ and PS Cranston (2005). The Insects: An Outline of Entomology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 282  (ISBN 1-4051-1113-5)
^ Larson BMH, PG Kevan, and DW Inouye (2001). “Flies and flowers: taxonomic diversity of anthophiles and pollinators”. Canadian Entomologist 133 (4): 439?465. 
^ a b Lotz, CN and JE Schondube (2006). “Sugar Preferences in Nectar- and Fruit-Eating Birds: Behavioral Patterns and Physiological Causes”. Biotropica 38 (1): 3?15. 
^ a b Von Helversen D, MW Holderied, and O Von Helversen (2003). ⇒“Echoes of bat-pollinated bell-shaped flowers: conspicuous for nectar-feeding bats?” (abstract page). Journal of Experimental Biology 206 (6): 1025?1034. doi:10.1242/jeb.00203. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}PMID 12582145. ⇒http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/206/6/1025. 
^ Pettersson S, F Ervik, and JT Knudsen (2004). ⇒“Floral scent of bat-pollinated species: West Africa vs. the New World”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 82 (2): 161?168. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00317.x. ⇒http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8312.2004.00317.x. 
^ Stroo, A. (2000). “Pollen morphological evolution in bat pollinated plants”. Plant Systematics and Evolution 222 (1-4): 225?242. doi:10.1007/BF00984104. 
^ Buchmann, SL. (1987). “The ecology of oil flowers and their bees”. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 343?70. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002015. 
^ Fulton M and Hodges SA (1999). “Floral isolation between Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens.”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 266: 2247?2252. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0915. 
^ Hodges SA, JB Whittall, M Fulton, and JY Yang (2002). “Genetics of floral traits influencing reproductive isolation between Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens”. American Naturalist 159: S51?S60. doi:10.1086/338372. 
^ Gegear, RJ and TM Laverty (2005). “Flower constancy in bumblebees: a test of the trait variability hypothesis”. Animal Behaviour 69 (4): 939?949. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.06.029. 
^ Pettersson MW (1991). “Pollination by a guild of fluctuating moth populations: option for unspecialization in Silene vulgaris”. Journal of Ecology 79: 591?604. doi:10.2307/2260655. 
^ Herrera, CM (1996). "Floral traits and adaptation to insect pollinators: a devil's advocate approach". In DG Lloyd & SCH Barrett (ed.). Floral Biology. Chapman & Hall, New York. pp. 65?87.
^ Waser, NM, L Chittka, MV Price, NM Williams and J. Ollerton (1996). “Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters”. Ecology 77: 1043?1060. doi:10.2307/2265575. 
^ Wilson, P, M Castellanos, JN Hogue, JD Thomson and WS Armbruster (2004). “A multivariate search for pollination syndromes among penstemons.”. Oikos 104 (2): 345?361. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12819.x. 
^ Hingston, AB and PB Mcquillan (2000). “Are pollination syndromes useful predictors of floral visitors in Tasmania?”. Australian Journal of Ecology 25 (6): 600?609. doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01059.x. 

参考資料

和書・日本語サイト

福原達人『 ⇒植物形態学』2005年。2009-01-28閲覧。

日本花粉学会編『花粉学事典（初版）』朝倉書店、1994年。