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自然

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^ a b 松本紹圭 (2013年10月17日). “ ⇒すべての仕事は道に通ずる（仏教と経営　第7回）”. ハフィントンポスト日本版. ザ・ハフィントン・ポスト・ジャパン. 2015年12月2日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒World Climates”. Blue Planet Biomes. 2006年9月21日閲覧。
^ “Calculations favor reducing atmosphere for early Earth”. Science Daily (2005年9月11日). 2007年1月6日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒Past Climate Change”. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2007年1月7日閲覧。
^ Hugh Anderson, Bernard Walter (1997年3月28日). “History of Climate Change”. NASA. 2007年1月7日閲覧。
^ Weart, Spencer (2006年6月). “ ⇒The Discovery of Global Warming”. American Institute of Physics. 2007年1月7日閲覧。
^ Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life?. New York: Simon & Schuster. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 0684813262
^ Dalrymple, G. Brent (1991). The Age of the Earth. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1569-6
^ Morbidelli, A.; et al. (2000). “Source Regions and Time Scales for the Delivery of Water to Earth”. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 35 (6): 1309?1320. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000M&PS...35.1309M/abstract.
^ ⇒“Earth's Oldest Mineral Grains Suggest an Early Start for Life”. NASA Astrobilogy Institute. (2001年12月24日). ⇒http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=76 2006年5月24日閲覧。
^ Murphy, J.B.; R.D. Nance (2004). ⇒“How do supercontinents assemble?”. American Scientist 92 (4): 324. doi:10.1511/2004.4.324. ⇒http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/page2/how-do-supercontinents-assemble.
^ Kirschvink, J.L. (1992). ⇒“Late Proterozoic Low-Latitude Global Glaciation: The Snowball Earth”. In J.W. Schopf, C. Klein eds.. The Proterozoic Biosphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51?52. ISBN 0-521-36615-1. ⇒http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/pdfs/firstsnowball.pdf
^ Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (March 1982). “Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record”. Science 215 (4539): 1501. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674.
^ Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life?. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 145. ISBN 0-684-81326-2
^ Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life?. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81326-2
^ Diamond J; Ashmole, N. P.; Purves, P. E. (1989). “The present, past and future of human-caused extinctions”. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 325 (1228): 469?76; discussion 476?7. doi:10.1098/rstb.1989.0100. PMID 2574887.
^ Novacek M, Cleland E (2001). “The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery”. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 (10): 1029. doi:10.1073/pnas.091093698. PMC 33235. PMID 11344295. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC33235/.
^ "The mid-Holocene extinction of silver fir (Abies alba) in the ..." ⇒pdf
^ See, e.g. ⇒The Holocene Mass Extinction?, ⇒Mass Extinctions Of The Phanerozoic Menu, ⇒Patterns of Extinction
^ “ ⇒Ideal Gases under Constant Volume, Constant Pressure, Constant Temperature, & Adiabatic Conditions”. NASA. 2007年1月7日閲覧。
^ Pelletier, Jon D. (2002). “Natural variability of atmospheric temperatures and geomagnetic intensity over a wide range of time scales”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99: 2546?2553. doi:10.1073/pnas.022582599. PMC 128574. PMID 11875208. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC128574/.
^ “Tropical Ocean Warming Drives Recent Northern Hemisphere Climate Change”. Science Daily. (2001年4月6日). http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/04/010406073554.htm 2006年5月24日閲覧。
^ ⇒Water for Life, 2005-2015 United Nations
^ “CIA- The world fact book”. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008年12月20日閲覧。
^ ⇒Vital Water UNEP.
^ " ⇒Distribution of land and water on the planet". ⇒UN Atlas of the Oceans
^ Spilhaus, Athelstan F. 1942 (Jul.). "Maps of the whole world ocean." Geographical Review (American Geographical Society). Vol. 32 (3): pp. 431-5.
^ Brittanica online. “ ⇒Lake (physical feature)”. 2008年6月25日閲覧。 “[a Lake is] any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin of appreciable size. Definitions that precisely distinguish lakes, ponds, swamps, and even rivers and other bodies of nonoceanic water are not well established. It may be said, however, that rivers and streams are relatively fast moving; marshes and swamps contain relatively large quantities of grasses, trees, or shrubs; and ponds are relatively small in comparison to lakes. Geologically defined, lakes are temporary bodies of water.”
^ “ ⇒Dictionary.com definition”. 2008年6月25日閲覧。 “a body of fresh or salt water of considerable size, surrounded by land.”
^ ⇒River {definition} from Merriam-Webster. Accessed February 2010.
^ Adams, C.E. (1994). ⇒“The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland : its history and rapidly changing status”. Hydrobiologia 290 (1-3): 91?102. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. ⇒http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3302548.
^ Pidwirny, Michael (2006年). “ ⇒Introduction to the Biosphere: Introduction to the Ecosystem Concept”. Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). 2006年9月28日閲覧。
^ Odum, EP (1971) Fundamentals of ecology, third edition, Saunders New York
^ Pidwirny, Michael (2006年). “ ⇒Introduction to the Biosphere: Organization of Life”. Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). 2006年9月28日閲覧。

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