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^ “ ⇒Andrew Jackson's First Annual Message to Congress”. The American Presidency Project. 2006年11月21日閲覧。
^The Spoils System versus the Merit System. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
^Jacksonian Democracy: The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
^ Syrett, 28.
^ Mary Beth Norton et al., "The Whig Challenge and the Second Party System,", in A People and a Nation (8th ed. 2008), ch 12
^ a b c d e Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (2005)
^ Watson (1990) p, 236
^ Watson (1990) p, 236-7
^ Gienapp ed (1982) p 15
^ Watson, Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America (1990
^ Winkle (1998)

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