清の兵制 - 暇つぶしWikipedia

清の兵制

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^ Roth Li 2002, p. 57.
^ a b Roth Li 2002, pp. 57?58.
^ 非公式的に「鉄帽子王」と呼ばれた家系の親王たち
 ^ Elliott 2001, p. 480 (降った明軍の緑営への統合); Crossley 1999, pp. 118?19 （降伏した明軍は1644年は漢軍に統合されたが、1645年以降から制限が始まった）
^ Wakeman 1985, p. 480, note 165.
^ Elliott 2001, p. 128.
^ 緑営が約60万人に対して、旗が約20万人
 ^ Lococo Jr. 2002, p. 118.
^ a b Lococo Jr. 2002, p. 120.
^ Dreyer 2002, p. 35.
^ Elliott 2001, pp. 284?290.
^ Waley-Cohen 2006, pp. 63?65.
^ Elliott 2001, pp. 283?284.
^ Elliott 2001, pp. 299?300.
^ Elliott 2001, pp. 184?186.
^ Waley-Cohen 2006, pp. 84?87.
^ Waley-Cohen 2006, p. 58.
^ Crossley 1990, pp. 126?27.
^ a b Liu & Smith 1980, pp. 202?10.
^ a b c Horowitz 2002, p. 156.
^ Horowitz 2002, pp. 156?57.
^ Crossley 1990, p. 145.
^ a b c Horowitz 2002, p. 157.
^ Wright 1957, p. 212.
^ Wright 1957, p. 220.
^ a b Horowitz 2002, p. 158.
^ Horowitz 2002, pp. 158?59.
^ Horowitz 2002, p. 159.
^ Elman 2005, pp. 379?83.
^ Elman 2005, p. xxii.
^ Wakeman 1977? [要文献特定詳細情報]
^ Liu & Smith 1980, pp. 251?273.
^ For an overview, see Edward L. Dreyer. China at War, 1901?1949. (London; New York: Longman, Modern Wars in Perspective, 1995). .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 0582051258.

引用文献

 Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1990), Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0691055831 .

(1997), The Manchus, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 1557865604 (hardback), ISBN 0631235914 (paperback).

(1999), A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, ISBN 0520215664 .

Dreyer, Edward L. (2002), “Continuity and Change”, in David A. Graff; Robin Higham, A Military History of China, Boulder, Colorado, and Oxford, England: Westview Press, pp. 19?38, ISBN 0813337364 (hardcover), ISBN 0813339901 (paperback).

Elliott, Mark C. (2001), The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 0804746842, https://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC .

Elman, Benjamin A. (2005), On Their Own Terms: Science in China, 1550?1900, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674016858 .

Horowitz, Richard S. (2002), “Beyond the Marble Boat: The Transformation of the Chinese Military, 1850?1911”, in David A. Graff; Robin Higham, A Military History of China, Boulder, Colorado, and Oxford, England: Westview Press, pp. 153?74, ISBN 0813337364 (hardcover), ISBN 0813339901 (paperback).

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