消極的事実の証明
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^ Martin, M. (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge Companions to Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521842709. LCCN 2006-5949. https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA70. "[Advocates] of the presumption of atheism... insist that it is precisely the absence of evidence for theism that justifies their claim that God does not exist. The problem with such a position is captured neatly by the aphorism, beloved of forensic scientists, that "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." The absence of evidence is evidence of absence only in case in which, were the postulated entity to exist, we should expect to have more evidence of its existence than we do."
^ Schreuder, Duco A. (2014). Vision and Visual Perception The Conscious Base of Seeing. p. 105
^ Walton, Douglas (1992). ⇒Nonfallacious arguments from ignorance. American Philosophical Quarterly. pp. 381?387. ⇒http://dougwalton.ca/papers%20in%20pdf/92nonfallacious.pdf.
^ Altman, Douglas G; Bland, J Martin (1995). ⇒“Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence”. British Medical Journal 311 (19 August): 485. PMC 2550545. PMID 7647644. ⇒http://www.bmj.com/content/311/7003/485.long 2016年12月19日閲覧。.
^ Sagan, Carl (1997). The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1st ed.). New York: Ballantine. p. 213. ISBN 0-345-40946-9. OCLC 32855551. "Appeal to ignorance?the claim that whatever has not been proved false must be true, and vice versa (e.g., There is no compelling evidence that UFOs are not visiting the Earth; therefore UFOs exist?and there is intelligent life elsewhere in the Universe. Or: There may be seventy kazillion other worlds, but not one is known to have the moral advancement of the Earth, so we're still central to the Universe.) This impatience with ambiguity can be criticized in the phrase: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence."
^ 『リーガル・マキシム - 現代に生きる法の名言・格言』「否定する者には、立証責任はない。」pp.264-265 三修社 2012年 吉原達也
関連項目
対偶論法 - 対偶を使って積極的事実の証明という形で消極的事実を証明する
背理法（帰謬法） - 矛盾を導くことで消極的事実を証明する
帰謬法 (修辞学)
証明責任（挙証責任）
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