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^ gUrsula von der Leyen makes final pledges to secure EU's top jobh. The Guardian (2019”N7ŒŽ15“ú). 2023”N2ŒŽ21“ú‰{——B gVon der Leyen says in her letters that she hopes the "snapshot" on her positions, some of which are retreads of previous proposals from the commission, will reassure her critics, although there is a risk of putting off MEPs within the more Eurosceptic and rightwing European Conservatives and Reformists group, in which Poland's Law and Justice is the largest party.h
^ gExplainer: Von der Leyen's rocky path to confirmation as EU Commission chiefh. Reuters (2019”N7ŒŽ12“ú). 2023”N2ŒŽ21“ú‰{——B gThe right-wing European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), will decide just ahead of the vote whether to support von der Leyen, but officials say the group is divided over the issue.h
^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019”N). gEuropean Unionh. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2017”N6ŒŽ8“úŽž“_‚Ì ËƒIƒŠƒWƒiƒ‹‚æ‚èƒA[ƒJƒCƒuB2019”N5ŒŽ30“ú‰{——B
^ Zalan, Eszter (2022”N1ŒŽ19“ú). gMetsola becomes youngest EU Parliament presidenth. EUObserver. 2022”N9ŒŽ28“ú‰{——B
^ Alan Siaroff (2019). Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections Since 1945. Taylor & Francis. p. 469. ISBN 978-1-317-49876-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=zKp-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT469 
^ Healey, Euan (2019”N6ŒŽ13“ú). gEuropean right will widen gap with rivals after Brexit, projection showsh. Euronews. 2022”N9ŒŽ28“ú‰{——B
^ Ripoll Servent, Ariadna; Panning, Lara (2021). gEngaging the disengaged? Explaining the participation of Eurosceptic MEPs in trilogue negotiationsh. Journal of European Public Policy 28 (1): 77. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1859596. 
^ Brack, Nathalie; Startin, Nicholas (2015). gIntroduction: Euroscepticism, from the margins to the mainstreamh. International Political Science Review (SAGE) 36 (3): 240. doi:10.1177/0192512115577231. 
^ Tim Bale, Sean Hanley, and Aleks Szczerbiak (March 2010). Ëg'May Contain Nuts'? The Reality behind the Rhetoric Surrounding the British Conservatives' New Group in the European Parliamenth. The Political Quarterly 81 (1): 85?98. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2009.02067.x. Ëhttp://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2741. "when taken together they form not so much a coherent whole as a mix of liberal conservatives (the Conservatives, ODS, LDD and MDF) and conservative nationalists (PiS and TB-LNNK)." 
^ gDutch and Greek far-right parties join ECR Grouph. European Interest (2019”N6ŒŽ6“ú). 2023”N2ŒŽ21“ú‰{——B
^ McDonnell, Duncan; Werner, Annika (4 May 2018). gRespectable radicals: why some radical right parties in the European Parliament forsake policy congruenceh. Journal of European Public Policy 25 (5): 747?763. doi:10.1080/13501763.2017.1298659. ISSN 1350-1763. 
^ Falkner, Gerda; Plattner, Georg (2018). gPopulist Radical Right Parties and EU Policies: How coherent are their claims?h. EUI Working Paper RSCAS (38): 5. https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/56165/RSCAS_2018_38.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. 
^ g ËNews 2009h (‰pŒê). Parties and Elections in Europe. 2010”N7ŒŽ14“ú‰{——B
^ g ËECR Trans-National Party Set for EU Funding - But is it legal?h (‰pŒê). New Europe (2010”N1ŒŽ18“ú). 2010”N7ŒŽ14“ú‰{——B
^ a b Donnelly, Cillian (2010”N1ŒŽ19“ú). g ËAll Not Well In New Eurosceptic Allianceh (‰pŒê). EU Reporter. 2010”N7ŒŽ14“ú‰{——B

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ECR Party


ECR Group in the European Parliament



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