批判的な意見として、3つの円で表されるのは単純すぎること、1970年代に確立されモデルが時代遅れであることが指摘される。[9]
解説^ 目標を設定において重要となる以下の要素の頭文字を取ったもの Specific:具体的、Measurable：計測可能、Achievable：達成可能な、Realistic：実現可能、Timely：期限が明確
出典^ Hackman, J. R., & Walton, R. E. (1986). Leading groups in organizations. In P. S. Goodman, & Associates (Eds.), Designing effective work groups
^ McGrath, J. E. (1962). Leadership behavior: Requirements for leadership training. Prepared for U.S. Civil Service Commission Office of Career Development, Washington, D.C..
^ Bass, B. (1985) Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
^ Blackler, F. and Kennedy, A. (2003) The Design of a Development Programme for Experienced Top Managers from the Public Sector. Working Paper, Lancaster University.
^ Bergmann, H., Hurson, K. and Russ-Eft, D. (1999) everyone a Leader: A grassroots model for the new workplace. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
^ ⇒http://www.johnadair.co.uk/profiles.html
^ Adair, J. (1973) Action-Centred Leadership. New York, : McGraw-Hill.
^ J.Adair(2003)Develop your leadership skills.
^ Department for Education and Skills (2003) Management and Leadership Attributes Framework. DfES Leadership and Personnel Division, April 2003.
AstraZeneca (1999) Leadership in AstaZeneca. AstraZeneca HR, Dec 1999.
Department for Education and Skills (2003) Management and Leadership Attributes Framework. DfES Leadership and Personnel Division, April 2003.
Deutsche Lufthansa AG (1998) Leading With Goals: Lufthansa Leadership Compass. FRA PU/D, July 1998.
Katzenbach, J. and Smith, D. (1994) the Wisdom of Teams. New York: Harper business.
Lewin, K. (1935) A Dynamic Theory of Personality. New York, McGraw Hill.
Tichy, N. and Devanna, M. (1986) Transformational Leadership. New York: Wiley.
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