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^ Portable Pathophysiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2006). p. 149. ISBN 9781582554556. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7O9c78uQU0C&pg=PA149 
^ Macfarlane, A; Brull, R (2009). “Ultrasound guided supraclavicular block”. The Journal of New York School of Regional Anesthesia 12: 6-10. 
^ Joshi, Girish; Gandhi, Kishor; Shah, Nishant; Gadsden, Jeff; Corman, Shelby L. (2016-12-01). “Peripheral nerve blocks in the management of postoperative pain: challenges and opportunities” (英語). Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 35: 524?529. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.08.041. ISSN 0952-8180. PMID 27871587. 
^ “About Regional Anesthesia / Nerve Blocks”. UC San Diego Health. 2017年7月30日閲覧。
^ Miller 2010, pp. 1639?1641.
^ a b 一般社団法人日本ペインクリニック学会治療方針検討委員会 2023, p. 23.
^ “General anaesthesia vs local anaesthesia: an ongoing story”. British Journal of Anaesthesia 103 (6): 785?789. (December 2009). doi:10.1093/bja/aep310. PMID 19918020. 
^ “JAMA patient page. Local anesthesia”. JAMA 306 (12): 1395. (September 2011). doi:10.1001/jama.306.12.1395. PMID 21954483. 
^ “Interscalene block for shoulder arthroscopy: comparison with general anesthesia”. Arthroscopy 9 (3): 295?300. (1993). doi:10.1016/S0749-8063(05)80425-6. PMID 8323615. 
^ “ ⇒Pain Management and Nerve Blocks”. WebMD. 2017年7月31日閲覧。
^ “Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014 (2): CD007080. (February 2014). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007080.pub2. PMC 7182311. PMID 24492959. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182311/. 
^ a b c d e f “ ⇒Local Anesthetics: Clinical Pharmacology and Rational Selection”. NYSORA. 2017年7月30日閲覧。
^ Cappelleri, Gianluca; Ghisi, Daniela; Fanelli, Andrea; Albertin, Andrea; Somalvico, Francesco; Aldegheri, Giorgio (2011-08-01). “Does Continuous Sciatic Nerve Block Improve Postoperative Analgesia and Early Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty?: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Study” (英語). Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 36 (5): 489?492. doi:10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182286a2b. ISSN 1098-7339. PMID 21857276. https://rapm.bmj.com/content/36/5/489-492. 
^ Weinstein, Erica J.; Levene, Jacob L.; Cohen, Marc S.; Andreae, Doerthe A.; Chao, Jerry Y.; Johnson, Matthew; Hall, Charles B.; Andreae, Michael H. (20 June 2018). “Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6 (2): CD007105. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007105.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6377212. PMID 29926477. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377212/. 
^ “Current world literature. Drugs in anaesthesia”. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 16 (4): 429?436. (August 2003). doi:10.1097/00001503-200308000-00010. PMID 17021493. 
^ 一般社団法人日本ペインクリニック学会治療方針検討委員会 2023, p. 13.
^ 一般社団法人日本ペインクリニック学会治療方針検討委員会 2023, p. 40.
^ 一般社団法人日本ペインクリニック学会治療方針検討委員会 2023, p. 42.
^ “ ⇒Common Regional Nerve Blocks”. UWHC Acute Pain Service. 2017年8月8日閲覧。
^ “Structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels”. The Journal of Physiology 508 (3): 647?57. (1998). doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.647bp.x. PMC 2230911. PMID 9518722. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2230911/. 
^ Hille, Bertil (April 1, 1977). ⇒“Local Anesthetics" Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Pathways for the Drug-Receptor Reaction”. Journal of General Physiology 69 (4): 497?515. doi:10.1085/jgp.69.4.497. PMC 2215053. PMID 300786. ⇒http://jgp.rupress.org/content/jgp/69/4/497.full.pdf 2017年8月16日閲覧。. 
^ van der Wal, SE; van den Heuvel, SA; Radema, SA; van Berkum, BF; Vaneker, M; Steegers, MA; Scheffer, GJ; Vissers, KC (May 2016). “The in vitro mechanisms and in vivo efficacy of intravenous lidocaine on the neuroinflammatory response in acute and chronic pain”. European Journal of Pain 20 (5): 655?74. doi:10.1002/ejp.794. PMID 26684648. 
^ “Additives to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blockade”. International Anesthesiology Clinics 49 (4): 104?16. (2011). doi:10.1097/AIA.0b013e31820e4a49. PMC 3427651. PMID 21956081. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427651/. 
^ Prabhakar, H; Rath, S; Kalaivani, M; Bhanderi, N (19 March 2015). “Adrenaline with lidocaine for digital nerve blocks.”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 (3): CD010645. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010645.pub2. PMC 7173752. PMID 25790261. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173752/. 
^ Ilicki, J (4 August 2015). “Safety of Epinephrine in Digital Nerve Blocks: A Literature Review.”. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 49 (5): 799?809. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.05.038. PMID 26254284. 

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