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文民

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^ "Civilian". Merriam-Webster. 2018年1月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。
^ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/civilian
^ “Definition of civilian 。Dictionary.com” (英語). www.dictionary.com. 2020年7月5日閲覧。
^ Adam Plantinga (October 1, 2014). 400 Things Cops Know: Street-Smart Lessons from a Veteran Patrolman. Quill Driver Books. p. 104?112. ISBN 978-1-6103-5217-8
^ “Customary IHL - Rule 5. Definition of Civilians”. ihl-databases.icrc.org. 2020年7月4日閲覧。
^ a b “Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. DEFINITION OF CIVILIANS AND CIVILIAN POPULATION”. International Committee of the Red Cross. 2021年1月15日閲覧。
^ デジタル大辞泉『シビリアン』 - コトバンク
 ^ “the definition of civilian”. Dictionary.com. 2013年12月3日時点の ⇒オリジナルよりアーカイブ。2018年5月2日閲覧。
^ 軍隊内においては、軍に属しない者を指して「地方人」と呼んでいた。
^ なお丸谷才一は『文章読本』のなかで「文民」の訳語が生硬であり、内容・定義も曖昧であると批判している。
^ Jean Pictet (ed.) ? Commentary on Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1958) Archived 2007-07-12 at the Wayback Machine., p. 51. 1994 reprint edition.
^ The relevance of IHL in the context of terrorism Archived 2006-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. official statement by the ICRC 21 July 2005
^ Slim, Hugo (2003). “Why Protect Civilians? Innocence, Immunity, and Enmity in War”. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-) 79 (3): 481?501.
^ Kahnert, M., D. Pitt, et al., Eds. (1983). Children and War: Proceedings of Symposium at Siuntio Baths, Finland, 1983. Geneva and Helsinki, Geneva International Peace Research Institute, IPB and Peace Union of Finland, p. 5, which states: "Of the human victims in the First World War only 5% were civilians, in the Second World War already 50%, in Vietnam War between 50 - 90% and according to some information in Lebanon 97%. It has been appraised that in a conventional war in Europe up to 99% of the victims would be civilians."
^ Graca Machel, ⇒"The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, Report of the expert of the Secretary-General, 26 Aug 1996, p. 9. Archived 2009-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 107.
^ Howard Zinn, Moises Samam, Gino Strada. Just war, Charta, 2005, p. 38.
^ Adam Roberts, ⇒"Lives and Statistics: Are 90% of War Victims Civilians?", Survival, London, vol. 52, no. 3, June?July 2010, pp. 115?35. Archived 2017-02-05 at the Wayback Machine. Print edition ISSN 0039-6338. Online ISSN 1468-2699.
^ Adam Roberts, "The Civilian in Modern War", Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, vol. 12, T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 2010, pp. 13?51. ISBN 978-90-6704-335-9; ISSN 1389-1359. One part of this article, relating to casualties, also appeared in Survival, June?July 2010, as footnoted above.
^ Ian Brownlie, African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopaedia, C. Hurst, London, for Royal Institute of International Affairs, pp. 149-59 gives a useful account of the background and origin of the dispute over Western Sahara.
^ See for example the chapters on the anti-Marcos movement in the Philippines (by Amado Mendoza) and on resistance against apartheid in South Africa (by Tom Lodge) in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009 [1], pp. 179-96 and 213-30.
^ a b “IHL Primer #1 - What is IHL?”. International Humanitarian Law Research Initiative (2009年7月). 2017年12月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2017年11月11日閲覧。
^ Holt, Victoria K.; Berkman, Tobias C. (2006). The Impossible Mandate? Military Preparedness, the Responsibility to Protect and Modern Peace Operations. The Henry L. Stimson Center. pp. 9. ISBN 9780977002306

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