地政戦略学は様々な批判にさらされ、地理決定論の粗野な形態と呼ばれてきている。ナチス・ドイツの戦争計画や、冷戦の対立を生み出したと認識されている米国封じ込め戦略と結びつけて、国際的な侵略と拡大主義を正当化するために使用される用語としてみなされることもある。マルクス主義者や批判的国際関係理論家は、地政戦略学を単にアメリカ帝国主義を正当化するためのものだと考えている[22]。

政治学者の中には、非国家主体の重要性が高まるのに従って地政学の重要性も低下すると主張する者もいる[22]。同様に、安全保障問題よりも経済問題の方に重きを置く人たちは、地政戦略学よりも地経学の方が現代に適していると主張している[40][41]。
関連項目

地政学

国家有機体説

宇宙政治学

地経学

脚注^ a b 庄司潤一郎. “地政学とは何か?地政学再考?”. 防衛研究所. 2020年7月23日閲覧。
^ 浅川公紀 (2015年). “地政学再考”. 武蔵野大学. 2020年7月2日閲覧。
^ Dr. Cabral Abel Couto (1988). Elementos de Estrategia. Vol I.. Instituto Altos Estudos Militares, Lisboa 
^ Dr. John Garafano (5?9 July 2004). ⇒Alternate Security Strategies: The Strategic Feasibility of Various Notions of Security. International Peace Research Foundation. ⇒http://www.afes-press.de/pdf/Garafano_Alternate_Secutity.pdf 2006年5月19日閲覧。. 
^ Report of the Secretary General (20 April 2001). ⇒No exit without strategy: Security Council decision-making and the closure or transition of United Nations peacekeeping operations. United Nations Security Council. ⇒http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/peacekpg/reform/2001/0420sgreport.pdf 2006年5月19日閲覧。. 
^ Col. David J. Andre (Autumn 1995). ⇒“The Art of War?Part, Present, Future”. Joint Force Quarterly: 129. ⇒http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/2909.pdf 2005年5月19日閲覧。. 
^ Philip Babcock Gove, ed (September 1961). Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press. "strategy: the science and art of employing the political, economic, psychological, and military forces of a nation or group of nations to afford the maximum support to adopted policies in peace and war" 
^ Gaddis, John Lewis (1982). Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 978-0-19-503097-6. https://archive.org/details/strategiesofcon000gadd. "The process by which ends are related to means, intentions to capabilities, objectives to resources." 
^ Gray, Colin S.; Geoffrey Sloan (November 30, 1999). Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy. London and Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-7146-8053-8 
^ Hillen, John; Michael P. Noonan (Autumn 1998). ⇒“The Geopolitics of NATO Enlargement”. Parameters XXVIII (3): 21?34. ⇒http://carlisle-ww.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/98autumn/hillen.htm 2006年12月22日閲覧。. 
^ Tyner, JA (1998). “The Geopolitics of Eugenics and the Incarceration of Japanese Americans”. Antipode 30 (3): 251?269. doi:10.1111/1467-8330.00077. 
^ Russell, Greg (2006). “Theodore Roosevelt, geopolitics, and cosmopolitan ideals”. Review of International Studies 32 (3): 541?559. doi:10.1017/S0260210506007157. 
^ Gyorgy, Andrew (November 1943). “The Geopolitics of War: Total War and Geostrategy”. The Journal of Politics 5 (4): 347?362. doi:10.2307/2125293. JSTOR 2125293. 
^ Brzezinski, Zbigniew (1986). Game Plan: A Geostrategic Framework for the Conduct of the U.S.?Soviet Contest. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press. p. xiv. ISBN 978-0-87113-084-6 
^ Brzezinski, Zbigniew (1997). The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-465-02725-5. https://archive.org/details/grandchessboarda00brze_190 
^ Grygiel, Jakub J. (2006). Great Powers and Geopolitical Change. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8018-8480-1. https://archive.org/details/greatpowersgeopo00gryg 
^ Deiniol Jones, Cosmopolitan Mediation?: Conflict Resolution and the Oslo Accords, Manchester University Press, 1999, p. 43
^ Andrew S. Erickson and Lyle J. Goldstein, [Xu Qi], "21世?初海上地??略与中国海?的?展" ⇒Maritime Geostrategy and the Development of the Chinese Navy in the Early 21st Century, 中国?事科学 [China Military Science] (Vol. 17, No. 4) 2004, pp. 75-81, Naval War College Review Vol. 59, No. 4, Autumn 2006, pp. 46-67
^ Saw Swee-Hock, Sheng Lijun, Chin Kin Wah, Asean-China Relations: Realities and Prospects, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005, pp.136-137
^ Fifield, Russell H. (The Journal of geography, Vol.- No.-, [1944]) [SSCI, SCOPUS]
^ Herodotus (2005-11-29). The History. trans. David Grene. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-1-4165-1697-2 
^ a b c d e f g h Mackubin Thomas Owens (Autumn 1999). ⇒“In Defense of Classical Geopolitics”. Naval War College Review LII (4). ⇒http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/1999/autumn/art3-a99.htm 2004年1月11日閲覧。