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^ Tagliani-Ribeiro A, Paskulin DD, Oliveira M, Zagonel-Oliveira M, Longo D, Ramallo V, Ashton-Prolla P, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Fagundes NJ, Schuler-Faccini L, Matte U. (2012). “High twinning rate in Candido Godoi: a new role for p53 in human fertility.”. Human Reproduction 27 (9): 2866-2871. PMID 22736329.
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^ Maiju Qiao , Yingmin Zhou , Thomas Connor , Rengui Li , Dan Tang , Hemin Zhang and Jianghong Ran (2018 Oct). “Diagnosing Zygosity in Giant Panda Twins Using Short Tandem Repeats”. Twin Research and Human Genetics 21 (6): 527?532.
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^ 「多胎児の男女比率」 ⇒一般社団法人日本多胎支援協会
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^ "Causes of Twinning " ⇒www.nomotc.org
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^ a b 『ふたごの話、五つ子の秘密』（武 弘道, 1998年 ISBN 4-06-269017-9）
^ ⇒"Twins poser for fertility boffs" Archived 2008年12月16日, at the Wayback Machine. Science in Africa
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^ Christina Verni (2006). Vegan Women Much Less Likely To Have Twins Than Women Who Eat Animal Products, Especially Diary. ⇒Nutrition / Diet News
^ Helen Pearson (2006). A diet of milk could bring twins. Nature News
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^ 村越 毅 (2007). 臨床婦人科産科 61 (8): 994-1001.
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^ Miura K, Niikawa N (2005). “Do monochorionic dizygotic twins increase after pregnancy by assisted reproductive technology?”. Journal of human genetics 50 (1): 1-6. PMID 15599781.
^ Souter VL, Kapur RP, Nyholt DR, Skogerboe K, Myerson D, Ton CC, Opheim KE, Easterling TR, Shields LE, Montgomery GW, Glass IA. (2003). “Monochorionic dizygotic twins in a spontaneous pregnancy: a rare case report.”. N Engl J Med. 349 (2): 154-158. PMID 12853588.
^ 中村裕美 清水久美子 金子透子 伊澤美彦 田巻勇次 野呂昌弘 (2005). “外性器の表現形が異なった一絨毛膜二羊膜性双胎”. 日産婦関東連会報 42: 75―78.
^ Parva M, Donnenfeld AE, Gerson A. (2009). “Trizygotic dichorionic triplets with 46,XX/46,XY chimerism in both fetuses of the monochorionic pair.”. Prenatal diagnosis 29 (11): 1091-3. PMID 19777529. https://jsog-k.jp/journal/lfx-journal_detail-id-17046.htm.
^ Ekelund CK, Skibsted L, Sogaard K, Main KM, Dziegiel MH, Schwartz M, Moeller N, Roos L, Tabor A. (2008). “Dizygotic monochorionic twin pregnancy conceived following intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment and complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome and blood chimerism”. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32: 832-834. PMID 18956441.
^ Walker SP, Meagher S, White SM (2007). “Confined blood chimerism in monochorionic dizygous (MCDZ) twins.”. Prenatal diagnosis 27 (4): 369-372. PMID 17286316.
^ 「私、こんな子です☆マナ」 ⇒マナ☆カナのスマイルブログ
^ Nancy L. Segal (2011). “Zygosity Assessment by Self-Report; Research Reports; Human Interest”. Twin Research and Human Genetics 14 (1): 104-108.
^ Yoko Imaizumi and Kazuo Hayakawa (2013). “Infant mortality among singletons and twins in Japan during 1999-2008 on the basis of risk factors”. Twin Research and Human Genetics 16 (2): 639?644. PMID 23360862.
^ Noriko Kato, Tomohiro Matsuda (2006). “Estimation of optimal birth weights and gestational ages for twin births in Japan”. BMC Public Health 6 (45). PMID 16504133.
^ 村越毅『多胎妊娠-妊娠・分娩・新生児管理のすべて』（メジカルビュー社、2015年 ISBN 978-4-7583-1248-6）
^ Nathalie Petit, Hendrik Cammu, Guy Martens, Emile Papiernik (2011). “Perinatal outcome of twins compared to singletons of the same gestational age: a case-control study”. Twin Research and Human Genetics 14 (1): 88-93. PMID 21314260.
^ A. Cervantes, J. Mazela, J.J. Oleszczuk, E. Papiernik, and Louis G. Keith, M.D. (1998). “Multiple Births and Preterm Delivery”. Prenat. Neonat. Med. (3): 125-129. ⇒（PDFファイル）
^ Leung TY, Tam WH, Leung TN, Lok IH, Lau TK. (January 2002). “Effect of twin-to-twin delivery interval on umbilical cord blood gas in the second twins.”. BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 109 (1): 63-67. PMID 11843376.
^ "Girl Born 95 Days After Twin Brother" APNEWS
^ Goldgar DE, Kimberling WJ (1981). “Genetic expectations of polar body twinning”. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 30 (4): 257-266. PMID 6954825.
^ Gilbert, Scott F. (2006). “Non-identical Monozygotic Twins”. Developmental biology. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-250-X. OCLC 172964621
^ Chen CP, Chern SR, Sheu JC, Lin SP, Hsu CY, Chang TY, Lee CC, Wang W, Chen HE (June 2005). “Prenatal diagnosis, sonographic findings and molecular genetic analysis of a 46,XX/46,XY true hermaphrodite chimera”. Prenatal diagnosis 25 (6): 502-6.
^ （編）森崇英・久保春海・岡村均『図説ARTマニュアル』（永井書店、2002年 ISBN 4-8159-1754-X）
^ van Dijk,B.A., Boomsma,D.I., and de Man, A.J.M. (1996). “Blood group chimerism in human multiple births is not rare.”. American Journal of Medical Genetics 61 (3): 264-268. PMID 8741872.
^ Helen Pearson (2002). “Dual identities”. Nature 417 (MAY 2): 10-11. PMID 11986637.
^ 「二者同一性」（Helen Pearson (2002) の和文訳） ⇒訳文ページ
^ 「フリーマーチンの判定（異性双子の雌牛）」 ⇒家畜改良技術研究所
^ Bieber, F. R., Nance, M. M., Morton, C. C., Brown, J. A., Redwine, F. O., Jordan, R. L., and Mohanakumar, T. (1981). “Genetic studies of an acardiac monster: evidence for polar body twinning in man”. Science 213: 775-777.
^ 「TRAP sequenceとは？」日本胎児治療グループ
^ FA Anca, A Negru, AE Mihart, C Grigoriu, RE Bohil?ea, A ?erban (2015). “Special forms in twin pregnancy - ACARDIAC TWIN/ Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence”. J Med Life. 8 (4): 517?522. PMC 4656964.
^ Mary Lou C Thelmo, RY Fok, SP Shertukde (2007). “Acardiac Twin Fetus With Severe Hydrops Fetalis and Bilateral Talipes Varus Deformity”. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 26 (5-6): 235-42. PMID 18363156.
^ Blickstein I, Kalish RB (December 2003). “Birthweight discordance in multiple pregnancy.”. Twin research 6 (6): 526-31. PMID 14965464.
^ 「自然発生の子宮内外同時妊娠の 1 例」 ⇒[2][リンク切れ]
^ 「双子の妊娠と産院決め」 ⇒双子の妊娠・出産情報サイト Archived 2007年6月6日, at the Wayback Machine.
^ 「子宮内外同時妊娠の一例」hdl:10470/13141
^ Shih HM, Li YT, Yeh KC, Hsu KP. (July 1993). “Combined pregnancy: a case report and literature review”. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 52 (6): 58-61. PMID 8364783.
^ Kumarasamy S, Arumugam K. (September 1991). “Combined pregnancy--a case report”. Med J Malaysia. 46 (3): 252-254. PMID 1839921.
^ 双子又ハ三子等分娩ノ際兄弟姉妹順次ノ儀内務省伺日本法令索引〔明治前期編〕
^ ⇒太政官指令第四十八明治7年12月13日明治前期編 法令詳細情報
^ 指令明治前期編 法令詳細情報
^ ⇒出生届法務省
^ “出生証明書の様式等を定める省令（昭和二十七年法務省・厚生省令第一号）”. e-Gov法令検索. 総務省行政管理局 (2019年5月7日). 2020年1月4日閲覧。 “2019年5月7日施行分”
^ ⇒出生届、及び出生証明書 Archived 2007年12月13日, at the Wayback Machine.法務省
^ Buckler JM, Green M. (2010-11-01). “Birth weight discordance of twin pairs and their subsequent growth patterns.”. Annals of Human Biology.. PMID 21039209.
^ 『ふたごの子育て』 母子保健事業団、2013年 ISBN 978-4-89430-363-8
^ Chaudhari S, Bhalerao MR, Vaidya U, Pandit A, Nene U. (1997). “Growth and development of twins compared with singletons at ages one and four years.”. Indian Pediatrics 34 (12): 1081-1086. PMID 9715553.
^ Yokoyama Y, Wada S, Sugimoto M, Saito M, Matsubara M, Sono J (2007). “Comparison of motor development between twins and singletons in Japan: a population-based study.”. Twin Res Hum Genet. 10 (2): 379-384. PMID 17564528.
^ Alin-Akerman B (1987). “The expectation and parentage of twins. A study on the language development of twin infants”. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 36 (2): 225-32. PMID 3434133.
^ Hay DA, Prior M, Collett S, Williams M (1987). “Speech and language development in preschool twins”. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 36 (2): 213-23. PMID 3434132.
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