双子
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出典[脚注の使い方]^ 「京都大学霊長類研究所年報Vol.40」京都大学霊長類研究所
^ 「Semi-identical twins discovered」 ⇒BBC NEWS
^ Dasig D, Lyon J, Behr B, Milki AA. (2004-12). “Monozygotic twin birth after the transfer of a cleavage stage embryo resulting from a single pronucleated oocyte”. Journal of Reproduction and Genetics 21 (12): 427-429. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}PMID 15704517. 
^ Andrea Busnelli, Chiara Dallagiovanna, Marco Reschini, Alessio Paffoni, Luigi Fedele, Edgardo Somigliana (2019-02). “Risk factors for monozygotic twinning after in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Fertility and sterility. 111 (2): 427-429. PMID 30691632. 
^ Tong S, Caddy D, Short RV. (1997). “Use of dizygotic to monozygotic twinning ratio as a measure of fertility.”. Lancet 349 (9055): 843-5. PMID 9121260. 
^ 「一卵性双子の作出」 ⇒独立行政法人家畜改良センター Archived 2008年2月13日, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "BEHAVIORAL GENETICS 6th editon"(chap-13,table13-2) R.Plomin. et.al., Worth Publisher, 2013 ISBN 978-1-4292-4215-8
^ Hakon Jonsson, Erna Magnusdottir, Hannes P Eggertsson, Olafur A Stefansson, Gudny A Arnadottir, Ogmundur Eiriksson, Florian Zink, Einar A Helgason, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Arnaldur Gylfason, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Doruk Beyter, Thora Steingrimsdottir, Gudmundur L Norddahl, Olafur Th Magnusson, Gisli Masson, Bjarni V Halldorsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Agnar Helgason, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Kari Stefansson (2021 January). “Differences between germline genomes of monozygotic twins.”. Nature Genetics 53 (1): 27-34. PMID 33414551. 
^ Freund J, Brandmaier AM, Lewejohann L, Kirste I, Kritzler M, Kruger A, Sachser N, Lindenberger U, Kempermann G. (2013). “Emergence of individuality in genetically identical mice.”. Science 340 (6133): 756-759. PMID 23661762. 
^ "Born Together-Reared Apart;the Landmark Minnesota twin study"(chap-13,pp.271) Nancy.L.Segal, Harvard University Press, 2012 ISBN 978-0-674-05546-9
^ 「遺伝子発現の確率性」 ⇒北海道大学 遺伝子病制御研究所 CRG バイオインフォマティクス Archived 2007年12月14日, at the Wayback Machine.
^ 先進の Face ID テクノロジーについて
^肌チェックで双子も見分ける──ニブンビジョンの顔認証ソフト
^ "Twin Matters Volume XIII" ⇒The Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry(Virginia Commonwealth University)
^ 加藤則子『すぐに役立つ双子・三つ子の保健指導BOOK』(診断と治療社、2005年 ISBN 4-7878-1400-1
^ Gedda L, Sciacca A, Brenci G, Villatico S, Bonanni G, Gueli N, Talone C (1984). “Situs viscerum specularis in monozygotic twins”. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 33 (1): 81-5. PMID 6540028. 
^ P G Noone, D Bali, J L Carson, A Sannuti, C L Gipson, L E Ostrowski, P A Bromberg, R C Boucher, M R Knowles (1999). “Discordant organ laterality in monozygotic twins with primary ciliary dyskinesia”. Am J Med Genet. 82 (2). PMID 9934981. 
^ Golbin A, Golbin Y, Keith L, Keith D (1993). “Mirror imaging in twins: biological polarization--an evolving hypothesis.”. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 42 (3-4): 237-243. PMID 7871940. 
^ Wachtel SS, Somkuti SG, Schinfeld JS (2001). “Monozygotic twins of opposite sex”. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 91 (1-4): 293-295. PMID 11173871. 
^ Japan Fetoscopy Group『一絨毛膜双胎 基本からUpdateまで』(メジカルビュー社、2007年 ISBN 978-4-7583-0539-6
^ Nicolas H. Zech Josef Wisser Giancarlo Natalucci Mariluce Riegel Alessandra Baumer Albert Schinzel (2008). “Monochorionic‐diamniotic twins discordant in gender from a naturally conceived pregnancy through postzygotic sex chromosome loss in a 47,XXY zygote.”. Prenatal Diagnosis 28 (8): 759-763. PMID 18567067. 
^ Nonomura K, Kakizaki H, Fukuzawa N, Fujieda K, Harada N, Niikawa N, Koyanagi T (2002-08). “Monozygotic twins with discordant sexual phenotypes due to different ratios of mosaicism of 47,X,idic (Y),idic (Y) /46,X, idic (Y) /45,X”. Endocrine journal 49 (4): 497-501. PMID 12402982. 
^ Fujimoto A, Boelter WD, Sparkes RS, Lin MS, Battersby K (1991-11-01). “Monozygotic twins of discordant sex both with 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) mosaicism”. American journal of medical genetics 41 (2): 239-45. PMID 1785642. 
^ Schmidt R, Sobel EH, Nitowsky HM, Dar H, Allen FH Jr (1976). “Monozygotic twins discordant for sex”. Journal of Medical Genetics 13 (1): 64-68. PMID 944787. 
^ Dallapiccola B, Stomeo C, Ferranti G, Di Lecce A, Purpura M (1985-02). “Discordant sex in one of three monozygotic triplets”. Journal of medical genetics 22 (1): 6-11. PMID 3856681. 
^ Nieuwint A, Van Zalen-Sprock R, Hummel P, Pals G, Van Vugt J, Van Der Harten H, Heins Y, Madan K. (1999). “'Identical' twins with discordant karyotypes”. Prenatal Diagnosis 19 (1): 72-6. PMID 10073913. 
^ Su PH, Chen JY, Chen SJ, Hung HM, Ting HC, Lin CY, Quek YW (2006). “45,X/46,XX mosaicism in a mother and one of her discordant monozygotic twin daughters: report of one case”. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 47 (5): 252-4. PMID 17352314. 
^ Rohrer TR, Gassmann KF, Rauch A, Pfeiffer RA, Doerr HG. (2004-08). “Growth of heterokaryotic monozygotic twins discordant for Ullrich-Turner syndrome during the first years of life.”. American journal of medical genetics. 126A (1): 78-83. PMID 15039976. 
^ P B Kaplowitz, J Bodurtha, J Brown, J E Spence (1991-10). “Monozygotic twins discordant for Ullrich-Turner syndrome.”. American journal of medical genetics. 41 (1): 78-82. PMID 1951467. 
^ Jovanovic L, Landesman R, Saxena BB (1977). “Screening for twin pregnancy”. Science 198 (4318): 738. PMID 910156. 
^ Thiery M, Dhont M, Vandekerckhove D. (1977). “Serum HCG and HPL in twin pregnancies”. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 56 (5): 495-7. PMID 602721. 
^ Nancy L Segal (2017). Twin mythconseptions. 
^ Malinowski W, Waszy?ski E (October 2006). “Superfecundation in etiology of twin pregnancy”. Ginekologia polska 77 (10): 797-803. PMID 17219814. 
^ Bourgoin P, Marc J, Merger C, Delatte JN (1995). “Indisputable double paternity in dizygous twins”. Journal de gynecologie, obstetrique et biologie de la reproduction 24 (4): 440-3. PMID 9176461. 
^ James WH (April 1980). “Gestational age in twins”. Archives of disease in childhood 55 (4): 281-4. PMID 7191240. 
^ "One Twin's White, The Other's Black" ⇒ABC's Good Morning America
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