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脚注[脚注の使い方]^ Pullman, Bernard (1998). The Atom in the History of Human Thought. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 31?33. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 978-0-19-515040-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=IQs5hur-BpgC&q=Leucippus+Democritus+atom&pg=PA56
^ a b Kenny, Anthony (2004). Ancient Philosophy. A New History of Western Philosophy. 1. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 26?28. ISBN 0-19-875273-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=cpYUDAAAQBAJ&q=Democritus
^ a b c d e f g Pyle, Andrew (2010). “Atoms and Atomism”. In Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W.; Settis, Salvatore. The Classical Tradition. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 103?104. ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=LbqF8z2bq3sC&q=Atoms
^ a b c d Cohen, Henri; Lefebvre, Claire, eds (2017). Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science (Second ed.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-08-101107-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=zIrCDQAAQBAJ&q=Leucippus+Democritus+atom&pg=PA427
^ “Welcome to CK-12 Foundation | CK-12 Foundation”. 2021年10月3日閲覧。
^ Berryman, Sylvia, "Democritus", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), ⇒http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/democritus
^ Weisstein, Eric W.. “ ⇒Lavoisier, Antoine (1743-1794)”. scienceworld.wolfram.com. 2009年8月1日閲覧。
^ “Law of definite proportions 。chemistry” (英語). Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020年9月3日閲覧。
^ Dalton (1817). A New System of Chemical Philosophy vol. 2, p. 36
^ Dalton (1817). A New System of Chemical Philosophy vol. 2, p. 28
^ Dalton (1817). A New System of Chemical Philosophy vol. 2, p. 281
^ Dalton, John. " ⇒On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids", in Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. 1803. Retrieved on August 29, 2007.
^ Grossman, Mark I. (2021-01-02). “John Dalton's "Aha" Moment: the Origin of the Chemical Atomic Theory”. Ambix 68 (1): 49?71. doi:10.1080/00026980.2020.1868861. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 33577439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2020.1868861.
^ “Thomas Thomson on Dalton's Atomic Hypothesis”. www.chemteam.info. 2021年2月20日閲覧。
^ Dalton, John (1808) (英語). A New System of Chemical Philosophy .... S. Russell. pp. 211?216. https://books.google.com/books?id=Wp7QAAAAMAAJ
^ Nicholson, William (1811) (英語). A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts. G. G. and J. Robinson. pp. 143?151. https://books.google.com/books?id=0Os3AQAAIAAJ&q=%E2%80%98Observations+on+Dr.+Bostock's+review+of+the+atomic+principles+of+chemistry%E2%80%99&pg=PA143
^ Johnson, Chris. “Avogadro - his contribution to chemistry”. ⇒オリジナルの2002年7月10日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20020710224229/http://www.bulldog.u-net.com/avogadro/avoga.html 2009年8月1日閲覧。
^ Alan J. Rocke (1984). Chemical Atomism in the Nineteenth Century. Columbus: Ohio State University Press
^ Avogadro, Amedeo (1811). ⇒“Essay on a Manner of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies, and the Proportions in Which They Enter into These Compounds”. Journal de Physique 73: 58?76. ⇒http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/avogadro.html.
^ Einstein, A. (1905). ⇒“Uber die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Warme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flussigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen”. Annalen der Physik 322 (8): 549?560. Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..549E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806. hdl:10915/2785. ⇒http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/2785/Documento_completo__.pdf?sequence=1.
^ See:

Maxwell, J.C. (1860) "Illustrations of the dynamical theory of gases. Part I. On the motions and collisions of perfectly elastic spheres," Philosophical Magazine, 4th series, 19 : 19?32.

Maxwell, J.C. (1860) "Illustrations of the dynamical theory of gases. Part II. On the process of diffusion of two or more kinds of moving particles among one another," Philosophical Magazine, 4th series, 20 : 21?37.

^ ジョサイア・ウィラード・ギブズに関するWikipediaの記事を参照
 ^ Navarro, Luis. “Gibbs, Einstein and the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences, vol. 53, no. 2, Springer, 1998, pp. 147?80, ⇒http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134058.
^ Stone, A. Douglas, Einstein and the quantum : the quest of the valiant Swabian, Princeton University Press, (2013). ISBN 978-0-691-13968-5 quoted from Folsing, Albert Einstein, 110.
^ Zeeman, P. (March 1897). “On the Influence of Magnetism on the Nature of the Light Emitted by Substance” (PDF). Phil. Mag.. series 5 43 (262): 226-239. doi:10.1080/14786449708620985. ISSN 1478-6435. LCCN 2003-249007. OCLC 476300855. https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/KOL_archive/Communications/25_36/33a_Zeeman.pdf.
^ a b Zeeman, P. (1897). “Doublets and triplets in the spectrum produced by external magnetic forces”. Phil. Mag.. series 5 44 (266): 55-60. doi:10.1080/14786449708621028. ISSN 1478-6435. LCCN 2003-249007. OCLC 476300855.

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