北海帝国
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^ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971, ISBN 978-0-19-821716-9, p. 386.
^ Stenton, pp. 388?93.
^ 木下康彦・木村靖二・吉田寅編著『詳説世界史研究』山川出版社、1995、p.183。
^ Stenton, p. 397.
^ 熊野ほか、1998年、p.33。
^ Stenton, p. 399: "It is with the departure of the Danish fleet and the meeting at Oxford which followed it that Cnut's effective reign begins".
^ 熊野ほか、p.33。
^ Stenton, p. 401.
^ Palle Lauring, tr. David Hohnen, A History of the Kingdom of Denmark, Copenhagen: Host, 1960, OCLC 5954675, p. 56.
^ Edward A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest of England: Its Causes and its Results, Volume 1 Oxford: Clarendon, 1867, p. 404, note 1.
^ Stenton, pp. 402?04.
^ Jim Bradbury, The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare, London: Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-22126-9, p. 125.
^ Philip J. Potter, Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016?1399, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7864-4038-2, p. 12.
^ Stenton, pp. 407?08.
^ Viggo Starcke, Denmark in World History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1962, p. 282.
^ Stenton, pp. 402?03.
^ Herbert A. Grueber and Charles Francis Keary, A Catalogue of English Coins in the British Museum: Anglo-Saxon Series, Volume 2, London: Trustees [of the British Museum], 1893, p. lxxvii.
^ a b c Starcke, p. 284.
^ Stenton, p. 404.
^ Starcke, p. 289.
^ Karen Larsen, A History of Norway, The American-Scandinavian Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, 1948, repr. 1950, OCLC 221615697, p. 104.
^ 熊野、p.48。
^ In the probably later heading to a 1027 letter sent to his English subjects: Rex totius Anglia et Denemarcia et Norreganorum et partis Suanorum, "King of all England and Denmark and Norway and part of Sweden". Freeman, p. 479, note 2.
^ Brita Malmer, "The 1954 Rone Hoard and Some Comments on Styles and Inscriptions of Certain Scandinavian Coins from the Early Eleventh Century", in Coinage and History in the North Sea World, c. AD 500?1200: Essays in Honour of Marion Archibald, ed. Barrie Cook and Gareth Williams, Leiden: Brill, 2006, ISBN 90-04-14777-2, pp. 435?48, p. 443.
^ Henry Noel Humphreys, The Coinage of the British Empire: An Outline of the Progress of the Coinage in Great Britain and her Dependencies, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, London: Bogue, 1855, OCLC 475661618, p. 54.
^ ⇒"The Hiberno?Norse Coinage of Ireland, ~995 to ~1150", Irish Coinage.
^ Franklin D. Scott, Sweden: The Nation's History, 2nd ed. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University, 1988, ISBN 0-8093-1489-4, pp. 25?26, listing Cnut's claim.
^ Starcke, pp. 281?82.
^ a b Stenton, p. 419.
^ M.K. Lawson, Cnut: England's Viking King, Stroud: Tempus, 2004, ISBN 0-7524-2964-7, p. 103: "Cnut's power would seem in some sense to have extended into Wales".
^ Benjamin T. Hudson, Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic, New York: Oxford University, 2005, ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0, p. 119.
^ Lauring, p. 56: "the Danes in England very quickly became Christians".
^ Starcke, p. 283.
^ Stenton, pp. 396?97: "Swein ... first appears in history as the leader of a heathen reaction . . . [but] behaved as at least a nominal Christian in later life. ... Swein's tepid patronage of Christianity ..."
^ Stenton, p. 397: "the first viking leader to be admitted into the civilised fraternity of Christian kings".
^ Stenton, pp. 398?99.
^ Stenton, pp. 399?401.
^ Stenton, pp. 401?02.
^ Jon Stefansson, Denmark and Sweden: with Iceland and Finland, London: Unwin, 1916, OCLC 181662877, p. 11: "Cnut's ideal seems to have been an Anglo-Scandinavian Empire, of which England was to be the head and centre".
^ Lauring, p. 56: "He was fond of England and regarded it as his principle 〔ママ〕 kingdom.... Canute actually became an Englishman".
^ Grueber and Keary, p. 6: "Though England had been conquered by the Dane she was really the centre of his Danish empire".
^ a b Jon Stefansson, p. 11.
^ Stenton, p. 402.
^ Stenton, p. 416.
^ a b Stenton, p. 405.
^ Larsen, pp. 104?05.
^ T. D. Kendrick, A History of the Vikings, New York: Scribner, 1930, repr. Mineola, New York: Dover, 2004, ISBN 0-486-43396-X, p. 125: "Danish taxes were introduced, Danish laws imposed, and preference was everywhere given to Danish interests".
^ Stenton, pp. 404?05.
^ a b Stenton, p. 406.
^ Grueber and Keary, p. 6: "But what more than anything else ruined these hopes, as they almost always ruined the hopes of extended Scandinavian rule, were the customs of inheritance which obtained among the northern nations".
^ Lauring, p. 57: "Now that a single king had assumed power after the pattern of Western Europe, the moment that king went away and omitted to leave strong men in charge behind him, or left a weak one, [the viking threat] became fatally weakened".
^ Larsen, p. 110.
^ Stenton, p. 420.
^ Joseph Stevenson, ed. and tr., The Church Historians of England, volume 2 part 1, London: Heeleys, 1853, p. 96, entry for 1040.
^ Stenton, p. 422.
^ Lauring, p. 57: "Canute's sons, despite the fact that they were both completely incompetent, were both proclaimed Kings of England".
^ Lauring, p. 57.
^ a b 熊野、p.59。
^ “ ⇒Den Store Dansk (Great Danish Encyclopedia)”. 2020年3月25日閲覧。
参考文献
百瀬宏・熊野聰・村井誠人『北欧史』山川出版社〈新版世界各国史21〉、1998年、ISBN 978-4-634-41510-2。
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