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動物

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^ Pecoits, E.; Konhauser, K.O.; Aubet, N.R.; Heaman, L.M.; Veroslavsky, G.; Stern, R.A.; Gingras, M.K. (2012). “Bilaterian burrows and grazing behavior at >585 million years ago”. Science 336: 1693?1696.
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^ 土屋 2013, pp. 166?167.
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^ 土屋 2013, pp. 169?171.
^ a b “ ⇒New Timeline for Appearances of Skeletal Animals in Fossil Record Developed by UCSB Researchers”. The Regents of the University of California (2010年11月10日). 2021年8月28日閲覧。
^ 土屋 2013, pp. 164?165.
^ a b c d 土屋 2013, pp. 171?174.
^ Conway-Morris 2003, pp. 505?515.
^ 土屋 2013, pp. 179?181.
^ Valentine, JW; Jablonski, D; Erwin, DH (1999). ⇒“Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion”. Development 126 (5): 851?9. PMID 9927587. ⇒http://dev.biologists.org/content/126/5/851.long.
^ Budd, Graham (2013). “At the origin of animals: the revolutionary cambrian fossil record”. Current Genomics 14 (6): 344?354. doi:10.2174/13892029113149990011. PMC 3861885. PMID 24396267. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3861885/.
^ Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. (2011). “The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals”. Science 334 (6059): 1091?1097. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334.1091E. doi:10.1126/science.1206375. PMID 22116879.
^ Kouchinsky, A.; Bengtson, S.; Runnegar, B. N.; Skovsted, C. B.; Steiner, M.; Vendrasco, M. J. (2012). “Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization”. Geological Magazine 149 (2): 221?251. Bibcode: 2012GeoM..149..221K. doi:10.1017/s0016756811000720.
^ Servais, T.; Harper, D.A.T. (2018). “The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): definition, concept and duration”. Lethaia 51: 151?164.
^ Garcia-Bellido, Diego C; Paterson, John R (2014). ⇒“A new vetulicolian from Australia and its bearing on the chordate affinities of an enigmatic Cambrian group”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 214. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z. PMC 4203957. PMID 25273382. ⇒http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/214/abstract#.
^ a b Smith, Martin R.; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier (2014-08-17). “Hallucigenia’s onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda” (英語). Nature 514 (7522): 363?366. doi:10.1038/nature13576. ISSN 0028-0836. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13576.
^ a b c Hernandez, Javier Ortega (英語). ⇒Lobopodians. ⇒http://www.academia.edu/16933971/Lobopodians.
^ a b c d e 白山義久・久保田信・駒井智幸・西川輝昭・月井雄二・加藤哲哉・窪寺恒己・齋藤寛・長谷川和範・藤田敏彦・土田真二 (2005-03-20). 水の生物. 小学館の図鑑 NEO. ISBN 4092172079
^ 藤田 2010, p. 127.
^ a b c 藤田 2010, pp. 119?120.
^ a b c d e 中野裕昭 (2018), “珍無腸形動物 ―左右相称動物の祖先に迫る？”, pp. 86?87 in 日本動物学会 2018
^ a b c d e Cannon, Johanna T.; Vellutini, Bruno C.; Smith III, Julian.; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (3 February 2016). ⇒“Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa”. Nature 530 (7588): 89?93. Bibcode: 2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. ⇒http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v530/n7588/full/nature16520.html 2016年2月3日閲覧。.
^ a b c Rouse, Greg W.; Wilson, Nerida G.; Carvajal, Jose I.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C. (2016-02). ⇒“New deep-sea species of Xenoturbella and the position of Xenacoelomorpha” (英語). Nature 530 (7588): 94?97. doi:10.1038/nature16545. ISSN 0028-0836. ⇒http://www.nature.com/articles/nature16545.
^ a b c Philippe, H.; Brinkmann, H.; Copley, R. R.; Moroz, L. L.; Nakano, H.; Poustka, A. J.; Wallberg, A.; Peterson, K. J. et al. (2011). “Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella”. Nature 470 (7333): 255?258. doi:10.1038/nature09676. PMC 4025995. PMID 21307940. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025995/.
^ a b c d e Philippe, H.; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; J.Hoff, Katharina; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; Muller, Steven et al. (2019). “Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria”. Current Biology 29 (11): 1818?1826. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009.

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