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動物

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^ a b “ ⇒New Timeline for Appearances of Skeletal Animals in Fossil Record Developed by UCSB Researchers”. The Regents of the University of California (2010年11月10日). 2021年8月28日閲覧。
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^ Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. (2011). “The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals”. Science 334 (6059): 1091?1097. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334.1091E. doi:10.1126/science.1206375. PMID 22116879.
^ Kouchinsky, A.; Bengtson, S.; Runnegar, B. N.; Skovsted, C. B.; Steiner, M.; Vendrasco, M. J. (2012). “Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization”. Geological Magazine 149 (2): 221?251. Bibcode: 2012GeoM..149..221K. doi:10.1017/s0016756811000720.
^ Servais, T.; Harper, D.A.T. (2018). “The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): definition, concept and duration”. Lethaia 51: 151?164.
^ Garcia-Bellido, Diego C; Paterson, John R (2014). ⇒“A new vetulicolian from Australia and its bearing on the chordate affinities of an enigmatic Cambrian group”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 214. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z. PMC 4203957. PMID 25273382. ⇒http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/214/abstract#.
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^ a b c Hernandez, Javier Ortega (英語). ⇒Lobopodians. ⇒http://www.academia.edu/16933971/Lobopodians.
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^ 藤田 2010, p. 127.
^ a b c 藤田 2010, pp. 119?120.
^ a b c d e 中野裕昭 (2018), “珍無腸形動物 ―左右相称動物の祖先に迫る？”, pp. 86?87 in 日本動物学会 2018
^ a b c d e Cannon, Johanna T.; Vellutini, Bruno C.; Smith III, Julian.; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (3 February 2016). ⇒“Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa”. Nature 530 (7588): 89?93. Bibcode: 2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. ⇒http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v530/n7588/full/nature16520.html 2016年2月3日閲覧。

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