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冪

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^ Cajori, Florian (2007). A History of Mathematical Notations, Vol I. Cosimo Classics. Pg 344. ISBN 1602066841
^ Rene Descartes, Discourse de la Methode ... (Leiden, (Netherlands): Jan Maire, 1637), appended book: La Geometrie, book one, ⇒page 299. From page 299: " ... Et aa, ou a2, pour multiplier a par soy mesme; Et a3, pour le multiplier encore une fois par a, & ainsi a l'infini ; ... " ( ... and aa, or a2, in order to multiply a by itself; and a3, in order to multiply it once more by a, and thus to infinity ; ... )
^ Quinion, Michael. “ ⇒Zenzizenzizenzic - the eighth power of a number”. World Wide Words. 2010年3月19日閲覧。
^ This definition of "involution" appears in the OED second edition, 1989, and Merriam-Webster online dictionary ⇒[1]. The most recent usage in this sense cited by the OED is from 1806.
^ 小学館デジタル大辞泉「冪指数」[2]
^ a b 鈴木 2013, p. 372, (PDF p. 58).
^ See:

⇒Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics

Michael Stifel, Arithmetica integra (Nuremberg ("Norimberga"), (Germany): Johannes Petreius, 1544), Liber III (Book 3), Caput III (Chapter 3): De Algorithmo numerorum Cossicorum. (On algorithms of algebra.), page 236. Stifel was trying to conveniently represent the terms of geometric progressions. He devised a cumbersome notation for doing that. On page 236, he presented the notation for the first eight terms of a geometric progression (using 1 as a base) and then he wrote: "Quemadmodum autem hic vides, quemlibet terminum progressionis cossica, suum habere exponentem in suo ordine (ut 1ze habet 1. 1? habet 2 &c.) sic quilibet numerus cossicus, servat exponentem sua denominationis implicite, qui ei serviat & utilis sit, potissimus in multiplicatione & divisione, ut paulo inferius dicam." (However, you see how each term of the progression has its exponent in its order (as 1ze has a 1, 1? has a 2, etc.), so each number is implicitly subject to the exponent of its denomination, which [in turn] is subject to it and is useful mainly in multiplication and division, as I will mention just below.) [Note: Most of Stifel's cumbersome symbols were taken from Christoff Rudolff, who in turn took them from Leonardo Fibonacci's Liber Abaci (1202), where they served as shorthand symbols for the Latin words res/radix (x), census/zensus (x2), and cubus (x3).]

^ 鈴木 2013, p. 337, (PDF p. 23).
^ 鈴木 2013, p. 348, (PDF p. 34).
^ 鈴木 2013, p. 350, (PDF p. 36).
^ 王青翔『「算木」を超えた男』東洋書店、東京、1999年。.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 4-88595-226-3。
^ Steiner, J.; Clausen, T.; Abel, N. H. (January 1827). ⇒“Aufgaben und Lehrsatze, erstere aufzulosen, letztere zu beweisen [Problems and propositions, the former to solve, the later to prove]”. Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter) 2: 286-287. doi:10.1515/crll.1827.2.96. ISSN 0075-4102. OCLC 1782270. ⇒http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=270662.
^ Nicolas Bourbaki (1970). Algebre. Springer , I.2
^ Chapter 1, Elementary Linear Algebra, 8E, Howard Anton
^ Strang, Gilbert (1988), Linear algebra and its applications (3rd ed.), Brooks-Cole , Chapter 5.
^ E Hille, R S Phillips: Functional Analysis and Semi-Groups. American Mathematical Society, 1975.
^ N. Bourbaki, Elements of Mathematics, Theory of Sets, Springer-Verlag, 2004, III.§3.5.
^ 奥村晴彦『C言語による最新アルゴリズム事典』技術評論社、1991年、304頁。ISBN 4-87408-414-1。

参考文献

 鈴木真治「「指数」はなぜ指数と云うのか? : その概念と用語の歴史的変遷を巡って」『津田塾大学数学・計算機科学研究所報』、第24回数学史シンポジウム(2013)第35巻、津田塾大学数学・計算機科学研究所、315-397頁、2013年。https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40020080419。 ⇒PDFファイル (PDF)

関連文献

高木貞治、1904、「第十一章　冪及對數」、『新式算術講義』

関連項目

 冪函数

指数関数

対数関数

平方数

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