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光子

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出典 ^ a b c d e f Amsler, C. et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008 +2009 partial update). ⇒“Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons”. Physics Letters B 667: 1. Bibcode: 2008PhLB..667....1P. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. ⇒http://pdg.lbl.gov/2009/tables/rpp2009-sum-gauge-higgs-bosons.pdf.
^ C・ロヴェッリ『すごい物理学講義』河出文庫、2019年、148頁。
^ E.g., Appendix XXXII in Born, M. (1962). Atomic Physics. Blackie & Son. ISBN 0-486-65984-4
^ Kobychev, V.V.; Popov, S.B. (2005). “Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources”. Astronomy Letters 31 (3): 147-151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode: 2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345.
^ Role as gauge boson and polarization section 5.1 inAitchison, I.J.R.; Hey, A.J.G. (1993). Gauge Theories in Particle Physics. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1201/9781315275253. ISBN 0-85274-328-9. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/50883
^ See p.31 inAmsler, C.; et al. (2008). “Review of Particle Physics”. Physics Letters B 667: 1-1340. Bibcode: 2008PhLB..667....1P. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018.
^ Raman, Chandrasekhara Venkata; Bhagavantam, S (1931) (PDF). ⇒IJP V6 p353.pdf Experimental proof of the spin of the photon. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. ⇒http://dspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/2123/1/1931 IJP V6 p353.pdf.
^ E.g., section 1.3.3.2 in Burgess, C.; Moore, G. (2007). The Standard Model. A Primer. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86036-9. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=PLYECqs2geEC&pg=PA27&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
^ E.g., section 9.3 in Alonso, M.; Finn, E.J. (1968). Fundamental University Physics Volume III: Quantum and Statistical Physics. Addison-Wesley
^ Mermin, David (February 1984). “Relativity without light”. American Journal of Physics 52 (2): 119-124. Bibcode: 1984AmJPh..52..119M. doi:10.1119/1.13917.
^ Plimpton, S.; Lawton, W. (1936). “A Very Accurate Test of Coulomb's Law of Force Between Charges”. Physical Review 50 (11): 1066. Bibcode: 1936PhRv...50.1066P. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.50.1066.
^ Williams, E.; Faller, J.; Hill, H. (1971). “New Experimental Test of Coulomb's Law: A Laboratory Upper Limit on the Photon Rest Mass”. Physical Review Letters 26 (12): 721. Bibcode: 1971PhRvL..26..721W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.721.
^ Chibisov, G V (1976). “Astrophysical upper limits on the photon rest mass”. Soviet Physics Uspekhi 19 (7): 624. Bibcode: 1976SvPhU..19..624C. doi:10.1070/PU1976v019n07ABEH005277.
^ Lakes, Roderic (1998). “Experimental Limits on the Photon Mass and Cosmic Magnetic Vector Potential”. Physical Review Letters 80 (9): 1826. Bibcode: 1998PhRvL..80.1826L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1826.
^ Amsler, C; Doser, M; Antonelli, M; Asner, D; Babu, K; Baer, H; Band, H; Barnett, R et al. (2008). “Review of Particle Physics?”. Physics Letters B 667: 1. Bibcode: 2008PhLB..667....1P. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. ⇒Summary Table
^ Adelberger, Eric; Dvali, Gia; Gruzinov, Andrei (2007). “Photon-Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices”. Physical Review Letters 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode: 2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. ⇒preprint
^ Wilczek, Frank (2010). The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces. Basic Books. p. 212. ISBN 9780465018956. https://books.google.nl/books?id=22Z36Qoz664C&pg=PA212
^ Buchwald, J.Z. (1989). The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-07886-8. OCLC 18069573
^ a b Wien, W. (1911年). “Wilhelm Wien Nobel Lecture”. 2012年12月8日閲覧。
^ a b Planck, M. (1901). “On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum”. Annalen der Physik 4 (3): 553-563. Bibcode: 1901AnP...309..553P. doi:10.1002/andp.19013090310. ⇒オリジナルの2008年4月18日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20080418002757/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Planck-1901/Planck-1901.html.
^ a b Planck, M. (1920年). “Max Planck's Nobel Lecture”. 2012年12月8日閲覧。
^ Einstein, A. (1905). ⇒“Uber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt”. Annalen der Physik 17 (6): 132-148. Bibcode: 1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607. ⇒http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1905_17_132-148.pdf. （光の発生と変脱とに関するひとつの発見的方法について）光量子論(1969)収録
 ^ Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). “Experimental Evidence for a Photon Anticorrelation Effect on a Beam Splitter: A New Light on Single-Photon Interferences”. Europhysics Letters 1 (4): 173-179. Bibcode: 1986EL......1..173G. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004.
^ A.Einstein (1906), Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption, 20, pp. 199-206 （光の発生と光の吸収の理論について）光量子論(1969)収録
 ^ Gilbert N. Lewis (1908), “A Revision of the Fundamental Laws of Matter and Energy”, Philosophical Magazine, 6th series: 510-523 （物質とエネルギーに関する基本法則の一修正）相対論(1969) 収録
 ^ Gilbert N. Lewis (1908). “LIX. A revision of the fundamental laws of matter and energy”. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (Taylor & Francis) 16 (95): 705-717. doi:10.1080/14786441108636549. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441108636549.
^ a b Einstein, A. (1909). ⇒“Uber die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen uber das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung”. Physikalische Zeitschrift 10: 817-825. ⇒http://www.ekkehard-friebe.de/EINSTEIN-1909-P.pdf. 光量子論(1969)収録
 ^ Einstein, A. (1916). “Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung”. Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Zurich 16: 47. Also Physikalische Zeitschrift, 18, 121-128 (1917). （輻射の量子論）光量子論(1969)収録
^ a b Compton, A. (1923). ⇒“A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements”. Physical Review 21 (5): 483-502. Bibcode: 1923PhRv...21..483C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.21.483. ⇒http://www.aip.org/history/gap/Compton/01_Compton.html.

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