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^ コトバンク「交易」ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典の解説より
^ Dollar, D; Kraay, A (2004). “Trade, Growth, and Poverty”. The Economic Journal 114 (493): F22-F49. doi:10.1111/j.0013-0133.2004.00186.x. ⇒オリジナルの2004-03-07時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20040307191641/http://econ.worldbank.org/files/1820_dollar.pdf 2017年10月26日閲覧。.
^ goo辞書「交」日本漢字能力検定協会 漢字ペディア、小学館 大辞泉の解説より。
^ goo辞書「易」日本漢字能力検定協会 漢字ペディア、小学館 大辞泉の解説より。
^ Watson (2005), Introduction.
^ D Abulafia; O Rackham; M Suano (2008-07-31), The Mediterranean in History, Getty Publications, 1 Mar 2011, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 978-1-60606-057-5, オリジナルの2021-05-11時点におけるアーカイブ。, https://web.archive.org/web/20210511162132/https://books.google.com/books?id=9Cvrq-Vs-2wC 2019年9月7日閲覧, "[...] the Danube played an extremely important role in connecting East and West before the Mediterranean became the main link between these regions. This period runs for about 25,000 years, from 35,000/30,000 to around 10,000/8,000 before the present."
^ Compare:Barbier, Edward (2015). “The Origins of Economic Wealth”. Nature and Wealth: Overcoming Environmental Scarcity and Inequality. Springer. ISBN 9781137403391. オリジナルの5 February 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20210205061931/https://books.google.com/books?id=GlveCgAAQBAJ 2019年9月7日閲覧. "Even before domestication of plants and animals occurred, long-distance trading networks were prominent among some hunter-gathering societies, such as the Natufians and other sedentary populations who inhabited the Eastern Mediterranean around 12,000-10,000 BC."
^ Stefansson, Vilhjalmur; Wilcox, Olive Rathbun, eds (2013). Great Adventures and Explorations: From the Earliest Times to the Present As Told by the Explorers Themselves. Literary Licensing. ISBN 1258868482. https://web.archive.org/web/20200522142220/https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=HdJrngEACAAJ&dq=%C2%A0ISBN%C2%A01-4179-9090-2&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV34_SxZrnAhWKJcAKHSTUDc8Q6AEIOjAC 2020年1月23日閲覧。
^ National Maritime Historical Society. Sea History, Issues 13-25 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. published by National Maritime Historical Society 1979. Retrieved 2012-06-26
^ Darvill, Timothy (2008). “obsidian”. Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Oxford Quick Reference (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191579042. オリジナルの5 February 2021時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20210205062256/https://books.google.com/books?id=gzEclkBq0u0C 2019年9月7日閲覧. "[...] obsidian from Talasea was traded from at least 17 000 BC."
^ (secondary)Gary George Lowder - Studies in volcanic petrology: I. Talasea, New Guinea. II. Southwest Utah Archived 2021-02-05 at the Wayback Machine. University of California, 1970 Retrieved 2012-06-28
^ 三笠宮崇仁親王 - Essays on Anatolian Archaeology Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1993 Retrieved 2012-06-16
^ Vernon Horace Rendall, ed (1904). The Athenaeum. J. Francis. オリジナルの2020-01-11時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111030725/https://books.google.com/books?id=LDs6AQAAIAAJ 2016年10月26日閲覧。 Retrieved 2012-06-09
^ Donald A. Mackenzie - Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe - ⇒published 1917 Archived 2021-04-11 at the Wayback Machine. - ISBN 1-60506-375-4 Retrieved 2012-06-09
^ R L Smith (2008-07-31), Premodern Trade in World History, Taylor & Francis, 2009, ISBN 978-0-415-42476-9, オリジナルの2021-02-05時点におけるアーカイブ。, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205191139/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ewjeoio1U-QC&q=Obsidian+trade&pg=PA20 2012年6月15日閲覧。
^ P Singh - Neolithic cultures of western Asia Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. Seminar Press, 20 Aug 1974
^ a b J Robb (2007-07-23), The Early Mediterranean Village: Agency, Material Culture, and Social Change in Neolithic Italy, Cambridge University Press, 23 July 2007, ISBN 978-0-521-84241-9, オリジナルの2021-02-05時点におけるアーカイブ。, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205191143/https://books.google.com/books?id=0HeNr9h56uEC&q=Obsidian+trade&pg=PA192 2012年6月11日閲覧。
^ P Goldberg, V T Holliday, C Reid Ferring - Earth Sciences and Archaeology Archived 2021-02-05 at the Wayback Machine. Springer, 2001 ISBN 0-306-46279-6 Retrieved 2012-06-28
^ S L Dyson, R J Rowland ? Archaeology And History In Sardinia From The Stone Age To The Middle Ages: Shepherds, Sailors, & Conquerors Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. University of Pennsylvania - Museum of Archaeology, 2007 ISBN 1-934536-02-4 Retrieved 2012-06-28
^ Smith, Richard L. (2008). Premodern Trade in World History. Themes in World History. Routledge. p. 19. ISBN 9781134095803. オリジナルの22 May 2020時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20200522142440/https://books.google.com/books?id=WBB9AgAAQBAJ 2019年9月7日閲覧. "[...] modern observers have sometimes referred to obsidian as 'rich man's flint.'"
^ Williams-Thorpe, O. (1995). “Obsidian in the Mediterranean and the Near East: A Provenancing Success Story”. Archaeometry 37 (2): 217-48. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00740.x.
^ D Harper - ⇒etymology online Archived 2017-07-02 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2012-06-09
^ A. J. Andrea (2011-03-23), World History Encyclopedia, Volume 2, ABC-CLIO, 2011, ISBN 978-1-85109-930-6, オリジナルの2021-02-05時点におけるアーカイブ。, https://web.archive.org/web/20210205061932/https://books.google.com/books?id=LEqaIGsT8SsC&q=Obsidian+trade&pg=PA250 2012年6月11日閲覧。
^ T A H Wilkinson - Early Dynastic Egypt: Strategies, Society and Security [リンク切れ]
^ secondary - [1] Archived 2022-05-23 at the Wayback Machine. + [2] + [3] Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. + [4] Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. + [5] Archived 2015-09-05 at the Wayback Machine.
^ (was secondary)Pliny the Elder (translated by J Bostock, H T Riley) (1857), The natural history of Pliny, Volume 6, H G Bohn 1857, ISBN 978-1-85109-930-6, オリジナルの2021-02-05時点におけるアーカイブ。
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