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^ gThe Brightest Stars Don't Live Aloneh. ESO Press Release. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1230/ 2012”N7ŒŽ27“ú‰{——B 
^ Longair, Malcolm S. (2006). The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25?26. ISBN 978-0-521-47436-8 
^ a b c Russell, H. N. (1913). g"Giant" and "dwarf" starsh. The Observatory 36: 324?329. Bibcode: 1913Obs....36..324R. 
^ Stromgren, Bengt (1933). gOn the Interpretation of the Hertzsprung-Russell-Diagramh. Zeitschrift fur Astrophysik 7: 222?248. Bibcode: 1933ZA......7..222S. 
^ g Ë“V•¶ŠwŽ«“T » ƒ‰ƒbƒZƒ‹h. “V•¶ŠwŽ«“T. “ú–{“V•¶Šw‰ï =. 2019”N3ŒŽ12“ú‰{——B
^ Schatzman, Evry L.; Praderie, Francoise (1993). The Stars. Springer. pp. 96?97. ISBN 978-3-540-54196-7 
^ Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C.; Kellman, E. (1943). ËAn atlas of stellar spectra, with an outline of spectral classification. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago press. Ëhttp://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/ASS_Atlas/MK_contents.html 2008”N8ŒŽ12“ú‰{——B 
^ g Ë“V•¶ŠwŽ«“T » MK•ª—Þh. “V•¶ŠwŽ«“T. “ú–{“V•¶Šw‰ï =. 2019”N3ŒŽ12“ú‰{——B
^ a b c Unsold, Albrecht (1969). The New Cosmos. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-387-90886-1 
^ Gloeckler, George; Geiss, Johannes (2004). gComposition of the local interstellar medium as diagnosed with pickup ionsh. Advances in Space Research 34 (1): 53?60. Bibcode: 2004AdSpR..34...53G. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2003.02.054. 
^ a b c Kroupa, Pavel (2002). ËgThe Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systemsh. Science 295 (5552): 82?91. arXiv:astro-ph/0201098. Bibcode: 2002Sci...295...82K. doi:10.1126/science.1067524. PMID 11778039. Ëhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/295/5552/82 2007”N12ŒŽ3“ú‰{——B. 
^ Schilling, Govert (2001). ËgNew Model Shows Sun Was a Hot Young Starh. Science 293 (5538): 2188?2189. doi:10.1126/science.293.5538.2188. PMID 11567116. Ëhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5538/2188 2007”N2ŒŽ4“ú‰{——B. 
^ a b c wŒ»‘ã‚Ì“V•¶Šw6¯ŠÔ•¨Ž¿‚ƯŒ`¬x“ú–{•]˜_ŽÐA2008”N9ŒŽBISBN 978-4-535-60726-2
^ a b g Ë“V•¶ŠwŽ«“T » —ëÎŽåŒn—ñh. “V•¶ŠwŽ«“T. “ú–{“V•¶Šw‰ï. 2019”N3ŒŽ19“ú‰{——B
^ g ËZero Age Main Sequenceh. The SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy. Swinburne University. 2007”N12ŒŽ9“ú‰{——B
^ Hansen, Carl J.; Kawaler, Steven D. (1999), Stellar Interiors: Physical Principles, Structure, and Evolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics Library, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 39, ISBN 978-0387941387, https://books.google.com/books?id=m-_6LYuUbUkC&pg=PA39 
^ a b c d Clayton, Donald D. (1983). Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-10953-4 
^ g ËMain Sequence Starsh. Australia Telescope Outreach and Education (2018”N4ŒŽ25“ú). 2007”N12ŒŽ4“ú‰{——B
^ Harding E. Smith (1999”N4ŒŽ21“ú). g ËThe Hertzsprung-Russell Diagramh. Gene Smith's Astronomy Tutorial. Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego. 2009”N10ŒŽ29“ú‰{——B
^ Richard Powell (2006”N). g ËThe Hertzsprung Russell Diagramh. An Atlas of the Universe. 2009”N10ŒŽ29“ú‰{——B
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