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^ a b ⇒Demographia: World Urban Areas, March 2010
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, ⇒World Urbanization Prospects (2009 revision), (United Nations, 2010), Table A.12. Data for 2007.
^ a b ITDS, Rui Campos, Pedro Senos (2009年6月30日). “ ⇒Statistics Portugal”. Ine.pt. 2009年7月8日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒The World According to GaWC 2010”. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, Loughborough University. 2009年3月3日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒Inventory of World Cities”. Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network. 2007年12月1日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒Alta Velocidade em Sintese”. Rave.pt. 2010年11月21日閲覧。
^ Bremner, Caroline (2011年1月10日). “ ⇒Euromonitor International's Top City Destination Ranking”. Euromonitor International. 10 January 2011閲覧。
^ ⇒"Ranking: The richest cities in the world" ? City Mayors.com
^ ⇒"Lisboa e 9a cidade que mais recebe congressos internacionais" ? Agencia LUSA
^ IGP, ed. (2011) (Portuguese), Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Geografico Portugues
^ “ ⇒World Map of Koppen?Geiger Climate Classification” (英語). 2019年1月3日閲覧。
^ Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (2008年11月5日). “ ⇒Lisbon, Portugal ? Where the Land Ends and the Sea Begins”. 7 December 09閲覧。
^ Jose Mattoso, ed. (1992) (Portuguese), Historia de Portugal. Primeiro Volume: Antes de Portugal, 1, Circulo de Leitores
^ Smith, William (1854), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood, London, England: Walton and Maberly
^ Cailleux, Theophile (1879) (French), Pays atlantiques decrits par Homere, Iberie, Gaule, Bretagne, Archipels, Ameriques: Theorie nouvelle, Paris, France: Maisonneuve et cie
^ If all of Odysseus' travels were in the Atlantic as Cailleux argued, then this could mean that Odysseus founded the city coming from the north, before trying to round Cape Malea, (which Cailleux located at Cabo de Sao Vicente), in a southeasterly direction, to reach his homeland of Ithaca, supposedly present Cadiz.
^ Many of these ruins were first unearthed during the middle 18th century (when the recent discovery of Pompeii made Roman archaeology fashionable among Europe's upper classes).
^ Brodman, James William. “ ⇒Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier”. Libro.uca.edu. 2010年11月21日閲覧。
^ Rabbi Jules Harlow (2011), “A 500-Year-Old Memory ? Another tragic date in Jewish history” (Portuguese), Jewish Week, Lisbon, Portugal: Comunidade Judaica Masorti ? Lisboa
^ Jeffrey S. Ruth, ed. (1996) [1554], “Urbis Olisiponis descriptio”, Lisbon in the Renaissance, New York, New York
^ EncyclopadiaBritannica. “ ⇒John IV (king of Portugal)”. 2019年1月3日閲覧。 “king of Portugal from 1640 as a result of the national revolution, or restoration, which ended 60 years of Spanish rule.”
^ Geoffrey Parker The army of Flanders and the Spanish road, London, 1972 ISBN 0-521-08462-8, p. 35.
^ “ ⇒The Economic Impact of the Lisbon 1755 Earthquake ? p. 8, estimates a population of 200,000” (PDF) (2006年3月). 2010年11月21日閲覧。
^ “Historical Depictions of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake, citing an unreferenced estimate of 275,000”. Nisee.berkeley.edu (1998年11月12日). 2011年3月11日時点の ⇒オリジナルよりアーカイブ。
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