ムガル帝国 - 暇つぶしWikipedia

ムガル帝国

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^ Stein, Burton (2010). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 159?. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA159. "The realm so defined and governed was a vast territory of some 750,000平方マイル (1,900,000 km2), ranging from the frontier with Central Asia in northern Afghanistan to the northern uplands of the Deccan plateau, and from the Indus basin on the west to the Assamese highlands in the east."
^ Stein, Burton (2010) (英語). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 159?. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA159. "Another possible date for the beginning of the Mughal regime is 1600, when the institutions that defined the regime were set firmly in place and when the heartland of the empire was defined; both of these were the accomplishment of Babur’s grandson Akbar."
^ Stein, Burton (2010) (英語). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 159?. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA159. "The imperial career of the Mughal house is conventionally reckoned to have ended in 1707 when the emperor Aurangzeb, a fifth-generation descendant of Babur, died."
^ Richards, John F. (1995) (英語). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. xv. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PAxv. "By the latter date (1720) the essential structure of the centralized state was disintegrated beyond repair."
^ Stein, Burton (2010) (英語). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 159?. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA159. "The vaunting of such progenitors pointed up the central character of the Mughal regime as a warrior state: it was born in war and it was sustained by war until the eighteenth century, when warfare destroyed it."
^ Robb, Peter (2011) (英語). A History of India. Macmillan. pp. 108?. ISBN 978-0-230-34549-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ-2VH1LO_EC&pg=PA108. "The Mughal state was geared for war, and succeeded while it won its battles."
^ Gilbert, Marc Jason (2017) (英語). South Asia in World History. Oxford University Press. pp. 75?. ISBN 978-0-19-066137-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75. "With Safavid and Ottoman aid, the Mughals would soon join these two powers in a triumvirate of warrior-driven, expansionist, and both militarily and bureaucratically efficient early modern states, now often called "gunpowder empires" due to their common proficiency is using such weapons to conquer lands they sought to control."
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 115?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA115
^ Robb, Peter (2011) (英語). A History of India. Macmillan. pp. 99?100. ISBN 978-0-230-34549-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ-2VH1LO_EC&pg=PA99
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA152
^ Stein, Burton (2010) (英語). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 164?. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA164. "The resource base of Akbar’s new order was land revenue"
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 158?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA152. "The Mughal empire was based in the interior of a large land-mass and derived the vast majority of its revenues from agriculture."
^ Stein, Burton (2010) (英語). A History of India. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 164?. ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA159. "... well over half of the output from the fields in his realm, after the costs of production had been met, is estimated to have been taken from the peasant producers by way of official taxes and unofficial exactions."
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA152
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA152. "His stipulation that land taxes be paid in cash forced peasants into market networks, where they could obtain the necessary money, while the standardization of imperial currency made the exchange of goods for money easier."
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA152. "Above all, the long period of relative peace ushered in by Akbar's power, and maintained by his successors, contributed to India's economic expansion."
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 186?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA186. "As the European presence in India grew, their demands for Indian goods and trading rights increased, thus bringing even greater wealth to the already flush Indian courts."
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 186?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA186. "The elite spent more and more money on luxury goods, and sumptuous lifestyles, and the rulers built entire new capital cities at times."
^ Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006) (英語). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 186?. ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA186. "All these factors resulted in greater patronage of the arts, including textiles, paintings, architecture, jewelry, and weapons to meet the ceremonial requirements of kings and princes."
^ Taj Mahal: UNESCO World Heritage Center
^ Vanina, Eugenia (2012). Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man. Primus Books. p. 47. ISBN 978-93-80607-19-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=yriGbWNAF5EC&pg=PA47
^ a b c ロビンソン『ムガル皇帝歴代誌』、p. 166
^ a b c d e f g h i ロビンソン『ムガル皇帝歴代誌』、p. 168

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