ポーランド・リトアニア共和国

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脚注 ^ Daniel Z Stone, The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386‐1795, p46
^ ルーシ語: Корол?въство Польское и Великое князство Литовское、リトアニア語: Lenkijos Karalyst? ir Lietuvos Did?ioji Kunigaik?tyst?、ラテン語: Regnum Poloniae Magnique Ducatus Lithuaniae(18世紀以前)
^ Zbigniew Pucek: Pa?stwo i spo?ecze?stwo 2012/1, Krakow, 2012, p. 17.
^ Norman Davies, Europe: A History, Pimlico 1997, p. 554: "Poland?Lithuania was another country which experienced its 'Golden Age' during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
^ According to Panstwowe Przedsiebiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych: Atlas Historyczny Polski, wydanie X, 1990, p. 16, 990.000 km2
^ Based on ⇒1618 population map Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (p. 115), 1618 languages map (p119), 1657?67 losses map (p. 128) and ⇒1717 map Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (p. 141) from Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland a Historical Atlas, Hippocrene Books, 1987, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 0-88029-394-2
^ According to Panstwowe Przedsiebiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych: Atlas Historyczny Polski, wydanie X, 1990, p. 16, just over 9 million in 1618.
^ Paul W. Schroeder, The Transformation of European Politics 1763?1848, Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-19-820654-2, Google print p. 84
^ Rett R. Ludwikowski, Constitution-Making in the Region of Former Soviet Dominance, Duke University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8223-1802-4, Google Print, p. 34
^ George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, ISBN 0-333-77475-2, Google print p. 11 ? constitutional monarchy, p. 3 ? anarchy
^ "Formally, Poland and Lithuania were to be distinct, equal components of the federation .
^ Halina Stephan, Living in Translation: Polish Writers in America, Rodopi, 2003, ISBN 90-420-1016-9, Google Print p. 373.
^ Feliks Gross, https://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0313309329&id=I6wM4X9UQ8QC&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=Polish-Lithuanian+Commonwealth+religious+tolerance Citizenship and Ethnicity: The Growth and Development of a Democratic Multiethnic Institution, Greenwood Press, 1999, ISBN 0-313-30932-9, p. 122 (notes)
^ George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, ISBN 0-333-77475-2, Google print p. 11 ? constitutional monarchy, p. 3 ? anarchy
^ "In the mid-1500s, united Poland was the largest state in Europe and perhaps the continent's most powerful state politically and militarily".
^ George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, ISBN 0-333-77475-2, Google print p. 11 ? constitutional monarchy, p. 3 ? anarchy
^ Martin Van Gelderen, Quentin Skinner, Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-80756-5 p. 54.
^ " ⇒The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis" Archived 15 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine. (discussion and full online text) of Evsey Domar (1970).
^ Poland's 1997 Constitution in Its Historical Context; Daniel H. Cole, Indiana University School of Law, 22 September 1998 ⇒http://indylaw.indiana.edu/instructors/cole/web%20page/polconst.pdf
^ Blaustein, Albert (1993). Constitutions of the World. Fred B. Rothman & Company. ISBN 9780837703626. https://books.google.com/books?id=2xCMVAFyGi8C&q=May+second+constitution+1791&pg=PA15
^ Isaac Kramnick, Introduction, Madison, James (1987). The Federalist Papers. Penguin Classics. p. 13. ISBN 0-14-044495-5. https://archive.org/details/federalistpapers00madi. "May second oldest constitution."
^ John Markoff describes the advent of modern codified national constitutions as one of the milestones of democracy, and states that "The first European country to follow the U.S. example was Poland in 1791."
^ （ポーランド語: Najja?niejsza Rzeczpospolita Polska、ラテン語: Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae）Polish‐Prussian alliance of 1790
^ ルーシ語: Р?ч Посполита、リトアニア語: ?e?pospolita
^ ポーランド語: Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodow、ウクライナ語: Р?ч Посполита Двух Народ?в、ベラルーシ語: Рэч Паспал?тая Абодвух Народа?、リトアニア語: Abiej? taut? respublika
^ /Pawe? Jasienica. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodow. 1967‐1972; Pawe? Jasienica. The Commonwealth of Both Nations. Miami: American Institute of Polish Culture, 1987.「共和国（Rzeczpospolita）」および「二民族（Oba Narody）」という言葉は当時から広く用いられていたが、ポーランド民族とリトアニア民族の「二民族の共和国」という呼称は共和国が存在していた時期に使われたことはない。

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出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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