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ヘシカズム

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^ Other authors have also speculated about Indian influences on Hesychasm via the Sufi's. Dupuche, Dunn & Cross (2003) states that Indian monks were present in Mesopotamia and Syria in the 8th and 9th centuries, while Nath yogins were in Central Asia and Iran in the 11th century, influencing Sufi brotherhoods.
^ In the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1909, Simon Vailhe rejected Palamas's teachings that humans could achieve a corporal perception of the divinity, and his distinction between God's essence and his energies, as monstrous errors and perilous theological theories. He further characterized the Eastern canonization of Palamas's teachings as a resurrection of polytheism. Vailhe: Palamas taught that by asceticism one could attain a corporal, i.e. a sense view, or perception, of the Divinity. He also held that in God there was a real distinction between the Divine Essence and Its attributes, and he identified grace as one of the Divine propria making it something uncreated and infinite. These monstrous errors were denounced by the Calabrian Barlaam, by Nicephorus Gregoras, and by Acthyndinus. The conflict began in 1338 and ended only in 1368, with the solemn canonization of Palamas and the official recognition of his heresies. He was declared the 'holy doctor' and 'one of the greatest among the Fathers of the Church', and his writings were proclaimed 'the infallible guide of the Christian Faith'. Thirty years of incessant controversy and discordant councils ended with a resurrection of polytheism.[17]
^ For example, G. Philips asserts that the essence-energies distinction as presented by Palamas is a typical example of a perfectly admissible theological pluralism that is compatible with the Roman Catholic magisterium.[27] Pope John Paul II repeatedly emphasized his respect for Eastern theology as an enrichment for the whole Church, declaring that, even after the painful division between the Christian East and the See of Rome, that theology has opened up profound thought-provoking perspectives of interest to the entire Catholic Church. He spoke in particular of the hesychast controversy. The term "hesychasm", he said, refers to a practice of prayer marked by deep tranquillity of the spirit intent on contemplating God unceasingly by invoking the name of Jesus. While from a Catholic viewpoint there have been tensions concerning some developments of the practice, the pope said, there is no denying the goodness of the intention that inspired its defence, which was to stress that man is offered the concrete possibility of uniting himself in his inner heart with God in that profound union of grace known as theosis, divinization.[28][29][30]

参照 ^ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"hesychasm". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2020年7月3日閲覧。
^ Parry (1999), p. 230.
^ Ware (1995), p. 4?7.
^ Payne (2006), p. 130-131.
^ Payne (2006), p. 132.
^ Stearn (2020), p. 269?324.
^ a b Ware (1995), p. 5.
^ a b Ware (1995), p. 6.
^ Palmer, Ware & Sherrard (1999), p. 205.
^ Ware (1995), p. 7.
^ a b Ware (1992).
^ Palmer, Ware & Sherrard (1999), p. PR7.
^ a b c d e この記述にはアメリカ合衆国内で著作権が消滅した次の百科事典本文を含む: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hesychasts". Encyclopadia Britannica (英語). Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 414.
^ Parry (1999), p. 231.
^ Slobodskoy, Serafim Alexivich (1992). “The Sundays of Lent”. The Law of God. Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York). ISBN 978-0884650447. オリジナルの12 August 2018時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://www.orthodoxphotos.com/readings/LGFLS/sundays.shtml 2019年3月21日閲覧。 Original: Слободской, Серафим Алексеевич (1957). “Недели Великого Поста [The Sundays of Lent]” (ロシア語). [The Law of God] (1966発行). オリジナルの25 July 2017時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Serafim_Slobodskoj/zakon-bozhij/277 2019年3月21日閲覧. "ロシア語: Паламы […] учил, что за подвиг поста и молитвы Господь озаряет верующих благодатным Своим светом, каким сияпBГосподь на Фаворе."
^ a b Palamas, Saint Gregory; Palamas, Gregorius (1983). John Meyendorff (editor),Gregory Palamas - The Triads, p. xi. Paulist Press. ISBN 9780809124473. https://books.google.com/books?id=8jcjtUbwptwC&q=Palamas+Meyendorff+Nicene+doctrine&pg=PR11 2014年2月6日閲覧。
^ ⇒Simon Vailhe, "Greek Church" Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. in Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909)]
^ a b “Adrian Fortescue, "Hesychasm" in Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. VII (Robert Appleton Company, New York, 1910)”. Oce.catholic.com (2013年8月12日). 2013年12月24日時点の ⇒オリジナルよりアーカイブ。2014年2月6日閲覧。
^ Wakefield, Gordon S. (1983). The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Spirituality. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22170-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga815P6vxygC&q=hesychasm+quietism&pg=PA190
^ Ware, Kallistos (2000). The inner kingdom. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-88141-209-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=g8qaOmtq6xoC&q=hesychasm+quietism&pg=PA102

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