ヒト - 暇つぶしWikipedia

ヒト

^ Binson, D., Michaels, S., Stall, R., Coates, T. J., Gagnon, & Catania, J. A. (1995). Prevalence and social distribution of men who have sex with men: United States and its urban centers. Journal of Sex Research, 32, 245?254.
^ Bogaert, A. F. (2004). The prevalence of male homosexuality: The effect of fraternal birth order and variation in family size. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 230, 33?37. ⇒[1] Bogaert argues that: "The prevalence of male homosexuality is debated. One widely reported early estimate was 10% (e.g., Marmor, 1980; Voeller, 1990). Some recent data provided support for this estimate (Bagley and Tremblay, 1998), but most recent large national samples suggest that the prevalence of male homosexuality in modern western societies, including the United States, is lower than this early estimate (e.g., 1?2% in Billy et al., 1993; 2?3% in Laumann et al., 1994; 6% in Sell et al., 1995; 1?3% in Wellings et al., 1994). It is of note, however, that homosexuality is defined in different ways in these studies. For example, some use same-sex behavior and not same-sex attraction as the operational definition of homosexuality (e.g., Billy et al., 1993); many sex researchers (e.g., Bailey et al., 2000; Bogaert, 2003; Money, 1988; Zucker and Bradley, 1995) now emphasize attraction over overt behavior in conceptualizing sexual orientation." (p. 33) Also: "...the prevalence of male homosexuality (in particular, same-sex attraction) varies over time and across societies (and hence is a ‘‘moving target’’) in part because of two effects: (1) variations in fertility rate or family size; and (2) the fraternal birth order effect. Thus, even if accurately measured in one country at one time, the rate of male homosexuality is subject to change and is not generalizable over time or across societies." (p. 33)
^ Fay, R. E., Turner, C. F., Klassen, A. D., & Gagnon, J. H. (1989). Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men. Science, 243, 338?348.
^ Johnson, A. M., Wadsworth, J., Wellings, K., Bradshaw, S., & Field, J. (1992). Sexual lifestyles and HIV risk. Nature, 360, 410?412.
^ Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
^ Sell, R. L., Wells, J. A., & Wypij, D. (1995). The prevalence of homosexual behavior in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: Results of national population-based samples. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, 235?248.
^ Wellings, K., Field, J., Johnson, A., & Wadsworth, J. (1994). Sexual behavior in Britain: The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles. London, UK: Penguin Books.
^ ⇒Norway world leader in casual sex, Aftenposten
^ ⇒Sex uncovered poll: Homosexuality, Guardian
^ a b 「人間の本性を考える（下）」、スティーブン・ピンカー、2004、p144
^ ジャレド・ダイアモンド 1993, p. 136?p138.
^ “現生人類、ボツワナで20万年前に誕生 DNA分析で特定”. フランス通信社 (2019年10月29日). 2020年1月6日閲覧。
^ The Great Human Diasporas: The History Of Diversity And Evolution
^ The Walking People
^ チャールズ・ダーウィン『人間の進化と性淘汰』。同書ではヘラクレスオオカブトその他、形態学的に極端な種は性淘汰によって進化したと主張する。
^ ジャレド・ダイアモンド『人間はどこまでチンパンジーか？』"性淘汰と人種の起源"

参考文献

表

話

編

歴
 人類の進化
 ヒト科 Hominidae

オランウータン亜科 Ponginae

ヒト亜族 Homininae

サヘラントロプス・チャデンシス

fr:Toumai

オロリン・トゥゲネンシス

 アルディピテクス属

 ケニアントロプス・プラティオプス

アウストラロピテクス属

 アウストラロピテクス・アファレンシス

 ルーシー

 セラム

 アウストラロピテクス・アフリカヌス

アウストラロピテクス・アナメンシス（英語版）

アウストラロピテクス・バーレルガザリ

アベル（英語版）

アウストラロピテクス・ガルヒ

Size:126 KB
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
担当:undef