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出典^ “パキスタン・イスラム共和国基礎データ”. 外務省. 2018年11月5日閲覧。
^ “Population”. CIA. 2022年8月1日閲覧。
^ a b c d e “World Economic Outlook Database”. IMF. 2021年10月25日閲覧。
^ Coningham, Robin; Young, Ruth (2015), The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c. 6500 BCE ? 200 CE, Cambridge University Press Quote: ""Mehrgarh remains one of the key sites in South Asia because it has provided the earliest known undisputed evidence for farming and pastoral communities in the region, and its plant and animal material provide clear evidence for the ongoing manipulation, and domestication, of certain species.
^ Wright, Rita P. (2009), The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1?2, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 978-0-521-57219-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=MG2ztAEACAAJ, "The Indus civilisation is one of three in the 'Ancient East' that, along with Mesopotamia and Pharaonic Egypt, was a cradle of early civilisation in the Old World (Childe, 1950). Mesopotamia and Egypt were longer lived, but coexisted with Indus civilisation during its florescence between 2600 and 1900 B.C. Of the three, the Indus was the most expansive, extending from today's northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and India."
^ Wynbrandt, James (2009). A Brief History of Pakistan. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-6184-6. https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofpa0000wynb
^ Spuler, Bertold (1969). The Muslim World: a Historical Survey. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-02104-3
^ Copland, Ian (2001), India, 1885-1947: The Unmaking of an Empire, Seminar Studies in History, Longman, ISBN 978-0-582-38173-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw1uAAAAMAAJ Quote: "However, the real turning point for the new Muslim League came with the general election of December 1945 and January 1946.
^ Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 227?240, ISBN 978-0-300-21659-2, https://books.google.com/books?id=sXsmCwAAQBAJ
^ “ ⇒Pakistani parties to share power”. BBC News (2008年3月9日). 2022年4月9日閲覧。
^ “2022 Military Strength Ranking”. Global Fire Power. 2022年12月18日閲覧。
^ “ ⇒Pakistan has 18th largest 'middle class' in the world: report”. The Express Tribune (2015年10月16日). 2022年4月9日閲覧。
^ Iqbal (2015年11月8日). “ ⇒Pakistan an emerging market economy: IMF”. www.dawn.com. 2016年2月27日閲覧。
^ Mathew Joseph C. (2016). Understanding Pakistan: Emerging Voices from India. Taylor & Francis. p. 337. ISBN 978-1-351-99725-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=6iUlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA337
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