ハプログループR1b_(Y染色体)

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注・出典 ^ a b Karafet, TM; Mendez, FL; Meilerman, MB; Underhill, PA; Zegura, SL; Hammer, MF (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research 18 (5): 830?8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}PMID 18385274.
^ a b International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) ? Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades
^ Helgason A, Sigureth ardottir S, Nicholson J, Sykes B, Hill E, Bradley D et al. (2000). "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic ancestry in the male settlers of Iceland". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67 (3): 697?717. doi:10.1086/303046. PMC 1287529. PMID 10931763
^ Ornella Semino et al 2000, The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective
^ Wilson J, Weiss D, Richards M, Thomas M, Bradman N, Goldstein D (2001). "Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (9): 5078?83. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5078W. doi:10.1073/pnas.071036898. JSTOR 3055567. PMC 33166. PMID 11287634
^ Adams S, King T, Bosch E, Jobling M (2006). "The case of the unreliable SNP: recurrent back-mutation of Y-chromosomal marker P25 through gene conversion". Forensic Sci. Int. 159 (1): 14?20. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.06.003. PMID 16026953
^ Maciamo. “ ⇒Frequencies of prehistoric European mtDNA and Y-DNA from the Paleolithic to the Iron Age” (英語). Eupedia. 2018年8月18日閲覧。
^ Haak et al.(2015) ⇒Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe (PDF)
^ a b c Maciamo. “ ⇒European Prehistory, Anthropology & Genetics” (英語). Eupedia. 2018年8月18日閲覧。
^ View ORCID ProfileRui Martiniano, Lara M. Cassidy, Ros O'Maolduin, Russell McLaughlin, Nuno M. Silva, Licinio Manco, Daniel Fidalgo, Tania Pereira, Maria J. Coelho, Miguel Serra, Joachim Burger, Rui Parreira, Elena Moran, Antonio Valera, Eduardo Porfirio, Rui Boaventura, Ana M. Silva, Daniel G. Bradley（2017）; ⇒The Population Genomics Of Archaeological Transition In West Iberia (PDF) ；bioRxiv
^ Maciamo. ⇒“Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)” (英語). Eupedia. ⇒http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1b_Y-DNA.shtml#Western_Europe 2018年8月18日閲覧。
^ Maciamo. ⇒“Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)” (英語). Eupedia. ⇒http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1a_Y-DNA.shtml 2018年8月18日閲覧。

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出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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