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脚注[脚注の使い方]^ a b https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.co.jp&httpsredir=1&article=2061&context=humbiol
^ Lyons, Elizabeth (1965). “The Traders of Ku Bua” (英語). Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America (Chinese Art Society of America.) 19: 55. JSTOR 20067084.
^ Catherine Hill; Pedro Soares; Maru Mormina; Vincent Macaulay; William Meehan; James Blackburn; Douglas Clarke; Joseph Maripa Raja; Patimah Ismail; David Bulbeck; Stephen Oppenheimer; Martin Richards (2006), "Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians" (PDF), Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23 (12): 2480?91, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl124, PMID 16982817, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2008
^ Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Endicott, Phillip (2013-06). “The Andaman Islanders in a Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining the Evidence for an Early Peopling of the Archipelago from South Asia”. Human Biology 85 (1/3): 153?172. doi:10.3378/027.085.0307. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISSN 0018-7143. https://bioone.org/journals/human-biology/volume-85/issue-1_2f_3/027.085.0307/The-Andaman-Islanders-in-a-Regional-Genetic-Context--Reexamining/10.3378/027.085.0307.full.
^ Carlhoff, Selina; Duli, Akin; Nagele, Kathrin; Nur, Muhammad; Skov, Laurits; Sumantri, Iwan; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Hakim, Budianto et al. (2021). “Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea”. Nature 596 (7873): 543?547. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 8387238. PMID 34433944. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387238/.
^ Larena, Maximilian; Sanchez-Quinto, Federico; Sjodin, Per; McKenna, James; Ebeo, Carlo; Reyes, Rebecca; Casel, Ophelia; Huang, Jin-Yuan et al. (2021-03-30). “Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118 (13): e2026132118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2026132118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8020671. PMID 33753512. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020671/.
^ a b Larena, Maximilian; McKenna, James; Sanchez-Quinto, Federico; Bernhardsson, Carolina; Ebeo, Carlo; Reyes, Rebecca; Casel, Ophelia; Huang, Jin-Yuan et al. (2021-10-11). “Philippine Ayta possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world”. Current Biology 31 (19): 4219?4230.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.022. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 8596304. PMID 34388371. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596304/.
^ Genetics and material culture support repeated expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a population hub out of Afri, Vallini et al. 2021 (October 15, 2021) Quote: "Taken together with a lower bound of the final settlement of Sahul at 37 kya (the date of the deepest population splits estimated by 1) it is reasonable to describe Oceanians as an almost even mixture between East Asians and a basal lineage, closer to Africans, which occurred sometimes between 45 and 37kya."
^ “Genomic insights into the origin of pre-historic populations in East Asia” (英語). www.mpg.de. 2021年12月22日閲覧。
^ ⇒http://www.ovta.or.jp/info/oceania/papuanewguinea/index.html
^ Carlhoff, Selina; Duli, Akin; Nagele, Kathrin; Nur, Muhammad; Skov, Laurits; Sumantri, Iwan; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Hakim, Budianto et al. (2021-08). “Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea” (英語). Nature 596 (7873): 543?547. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03823-6.
^ a b 崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版　2009年）
^ a b Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Lalji Singh, Alla G. Reddy, V.Raghavendra Rao, Subhash C. Sehgal, Peter A. Underhill, Melanie Pierson, Ian G. Frame, Erika Hagelberg（2003）；Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population ；Current Biology　Volume 13, Issue 2, 21 January 2003, Pages 86?93　doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01336-2
^ アンダマン諸島については、従来よりハプログループD-M174*（xD-M15,D-M55）が高頻度であるとのデータ（kumarasamy et al. 2003）があり、その後系統解析の研究の進展によりアンダマン諸島のD-M174*はD-Y34537であることがわかった（Y-Full）なお、Y-Fullでは、D-Y34537とD-M55が姉妹群を成すとしている。ただし両者の分岐年代は5万3000年以上前である（Mondal et al. 2017）。
^ Shi H, Zhong H, Peng Y et al. (2008). "Y chromosome evidence of earliest modern human settlement in East Asia and multiple origins of Tibetan and Japanese populations". BMC Biol. 6: 45. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-45. PMC 2605740. PMID 18959782.
^ 崎谷満『ヒト癌ウイルスと日本人のDNA』（勉誠出版　2011年）
^ Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Toomas Kivisild, Alla G. Reddy, Vijay Kumar Singh, Avinash A. Rasalkar, Lalji Singh1（2005）；Reconstructing the Origin of Andaman Islanders　；Science13 May 2005: Vol. 308 no. 5724 p. 996 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109987
^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Sudoyo H, Lansing JS, Hammer MF (June 2014). "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia". Eur J Hum Genet. 23: 369?373. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106. PMC 4326703?Freely accessible. PMID 24896152.
^ Delfin F. et al 2013. ⇒Complete mtDNA genomes of Filipino ethnolinguistic groups: a melting pot of recent and ancient lineages in the Asia-Pacific region. Eur J Hum Genet. 2013 Jun 12. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.122.
^ ⇒走向遠東的兩個現代人種 Archived 7 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

参考文献

"DNA Study Yields Clues on Early Human's First Migration" New York Times, May 13, 2005 p. A7.

関連項目

 パナイ島

フィリピン

アエタ族

アティ族

バタク族（英語版）

アンダマン諸島

ジャラワ族

オンゲ族

Adivasi

ネグリロ(negrillo)

オーストラロイド

 外部リンク.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ネグリトに関連するカテゴリがあります。

⇒An Amazing Beginning, by Charles Kimball

The Anadamanese Negrito

⇒"Negro and Negrito", by M. Stewart

The Semang of Malaysia

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