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^ Higham, T. (2011). “European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies”. Antiquity 85 (327): 235?249. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067570. 
^ Pinhasi, R.; Higham, T. F. G.; Golovanova, L. V.; Doronichev, V. B. (2011). “Revised age of late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Palaeolithic in the northern Caucasus”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (21): 8611?8616. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..108.8611P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018938108. PMC 3102382. PMID 21555570. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102382/. 
^ Galvan, B.; Hernandez, C. M.; Mallol, C.; Mercier, N.; Sistiaga, A.; Soler, V. (2014). “New evidence of early Neanderthal disappearance in the Iberian Peninsula”. Journal of Human Evolution 75: 16?27. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.002. PMID 25016565. 
^ Bradtmoller, M.; Pastoors, A.; Weninger, B.; Weninger, G. (2012). “The repeated replacement model ? Rapid climate change and population dynamics in Late Pleistocene Europe”. Quaternary International 247: 38?49. Bibcode: 2012QuInt.247...38B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.10.015. 
^ Wolf, D.; Kolb, T.; Alcaraz-Castano, M.; Heinrich, S. (2018). “Climate deteriorations and Neanderthal demise in interior Iberia”. Scientific Reports 8 (1): 7048. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...8.7048W. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25343-6. PMC 5935692. PMID 29728579. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935692/. 
^ Black, B. A.; Neely, R. R.; Manga, M. (2015). ⇒“Campanian Ignimbrite volcanism, climate, and the final decline of the Neanderthals”. Geology 43 (5): 411?414. Bibcode: 2015Geo....43..411B. doi:10.1130/G36514.1. ⇒http://seismo.berkeley.edu/~manga/blacketal2015.pdf
^ Underdown, S. (2008). “A potential role for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Neanderthal extinction”. Medical Hypotheses 71 (1): 4?7. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.12.014. PMID 18280671. 
^ Sullivan, A. P.; de Manuel, M.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Perry, G. H. (2017). “An evolutionary medicine perspective on Neandertal extinction”. Journal of Human Evolution 108: 62?71. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.004. PMID 28622932. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/06/047209.full.pdf. 
^ Stringer, C. (2012). “The status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908)”. Evolutionary Anthropology 21 (3): 101?107. doi:10.1002/evan.21311. PMID 22718477. 
^ Gomez-Robles, A. (2019). “Dental evolutionary rates and its implications for the Neanderthal?modern human divergence”. Science Advances 5 (5): eaaw1268. Bibcode: 2019SciA....5.1268G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw1268. PMC 6520022. PMID 31106274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520022/. 
^ Meyer, M.; Arsuaga, J.; de Filippo, C.; Nagel, S. (2016). “Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins”. Nature 531 (7595): 504?507. Bibcode: 2016Natur.531..504M. doi:10.1038/nature17405. PMID 26976447. 
^ Klein, R. G. (1983). “What Do We Know About Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon Man?”. Anthropology 52 (3): 386?392. JSTOR 41210959. 
^ Drell, J. R. R. (2000). “Neanderthals: a history of interpretation”. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 19 (1): 1?24. doi:10.1111/1468-0092.00096. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/58187be48de69d51c7c50e7a59ce26c16fb7d099. 
^ Shaw, I.; Jameson, R., eds (1999). A Dictionary of Archaeology. Blackwell. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-631-17423-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=8HKDtlPuM2oC&pg=PA408 
^ Lycett, S. J.; von Cramon-Taubadel, N. (2013). “A 3D morphometric analysis of surface geometry in Levallois cores: patterns of stability and variability across regions and their implications”. Journal of Archaeological Science 40 (3): 1508?1517. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.11.005. 
^ Sorensen, A. C.; Claud, E.; Soressi, M. (2018). “Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis” (英語). Scientific Reports 8 (1): 10065. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...810065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6053370. PMID 30026576. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6053370/. 
^ Brittingham, A.; Hren, M. T.; Hartman, G.; Wilkinson, K. N.; Mallol, C.; Gasparyan, B.; Adler, D. S. (2019). “Geochemical Evidence for the Control of Fire by Middle Palaeolithic Hominins”. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 15368. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...915368B. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51433-0. PMC 6814844. PMID 31653870. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814844/. 
^ Hayden, B. (2012). “Neandertal social structure?”. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 31 (1): 1?26. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2011.00376.x. 
^ Kedar, Yafit; Barkai, Ran (2019). “The Significance of Air Circulation and Hearth Location at Paleolithic Cave Sites”. Open Quaternary 5 (1): 4. doi:10.5334/oq.52. 
^ Schmidt, P.; Blessing, M.; Rageot, M.; Iovita, R.; Pfleging, J.; Nickel, K. G.; Righetti, L.; Tennie, C. (2019). “Birch tar production does not prove Neanderthal behavioral complexity”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (36): 17707?17711. doi:10.1073/pnas.1911137116. PMC 6731756. PMID 31427508. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6731756/. 
^ Hoffecker, J. F. (2009). “The spread of modern humans in Europe”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (38): 16040?16045. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..10616040H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903446106. PMC 2752585. PMID 19571003. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/. 
^ Hardy, B. L.; Moncel, M.-H.; Kerfant, C. (2020). “Direct evidence of Neanderthal fibre technology and its cognitive and behavioral implications”. Scientific Reports 10 (4889): 4889. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61839-w. PMC 7145842. PMID 32273518. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7145842/. 
^ Ferentinos, G.; Gkioni, M.; Geraga, M.; Papatheodorou, G. (2012). “Early seafaring activity in the southern Ionian Islands, Mediterranean Sea”. Journal of Archaeological Science 39 (7): 2167?2176. Bibcode: 2011JQS....26..553S. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.032. 

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