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^ Spikins, P.; Needham, A.; Wright, B. (2019). “Living to fight another day: The ecological and evolutionary significance of Neanderthal healthcare”. Quaternary Science Review 217: 98?118. Bibcode: 2019QSRv..217...98S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.011. 
^ Valensi, P.; Michel, V. (2013). “New data on human behavior from a 160,000 year old Acheulean occupation level at Lazaret cave, south-east France: An archaeozoological approach”. Quaternary International 316: 123?139. Bibcode: 2013QuInt.316..123V. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.034. 
^ Krief, S.; Daujeard, C.; Moncel, M.; Lamon, N.; Reynolds, V. (2015). “Flavouring food: the contribution of chimpanzee behaviour to the understanding of Neanderthal calculus composition and plant use in Neanderthal diets”. Antiquity 89 (344): 464?471. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283861536. 
^ Hardy, K.; Buckley, S.; Collins, M. J.; Estalrrich, A. (2012). “Neanderthal Medics? Evidence for Food, Cooking, and Medicinal Plants Entrapped in Dental Calculus”. The Science of Nature 99 (8): 617?626. Bibcode: 2012NW.....99..617H. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0942-0. PMID 22806252. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229160372. 
^ Dusseldorp, G. L. (2013). “Neanderthals and cave hyenas: co-existence, competition or conflict?”. In Clark, J. L.; Speth, J. D.. Zooarchaeology and modern human origins. Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. pp. 191?208. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6766-9_12. ISBN 978-94-007-6765-2. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-94-007-6766-9_12.pdf 
^ Papagianni & Morse 2013.
^ Richards, M. P.; Pettitt, P. B.; Trinkaus, E.; Smith, F. H.; Paunovi?, M.; Karavani?, I. (2000). “Neanderthal diet at Vindija and Neanderthal predation: The evidence from stable isotopes”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 (13): 7663?7666. Bibcode: 2000pnas...97.7663r. doi:10.1073/pnas.120178997. JSTOR 122870. PMC 16602. PMID 10852955. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC16602/. 
^ Henry, A. G.; Brooks, A. S.; Piperno, D. R. (2011). “Microfossils in calculus demonstrate consumption of plants and cooked foods in Neanderthal diets (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium)”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (2): 486?491. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..108..486H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1016868108. PMC 3021051. PMID 21187393. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021051/. 
^ Shipley, G. P.; Kindscher, K. (2016). “Evidence for the paleoethnobotany of the Neanderthal: a review of the literature”. Scientifica 2016: 1?12. doi:10.1155/2016/8927654. PMC 5098096. PMID 27843675. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5098096/. 
^ Madella, M.; Jones, M. K.; Goldberg, P.; Goren, Y.; Hovers, E. (2002). “The Exploitation of plant resources by Neanderthals in Amud Cave (Israel): the evidence from phytolith studies”. Journal of Archaeological Science 29 (7): 703?719. doi:10.1006/jasc.2001.0743. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/3573e591b6b4af05ce7507cc346bd4346f6143f3. 
^ Brown 2011.
^ d’Errico, F.; Tsvelykh, A. (2017). “A decorated raven bone from the Zaskalnaya VI (Kolosovskaya) Neanderthal site, Crimea”. PLOS ONE 12 (3): e0173435. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1273435M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173435. PMC 5371307. PMID 28355292. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5371307/. 
^ Finlayson 2019.
^ Hoffman, D. L.; Angelucci, D. E.; Villaverde, V.; Zapata, Z.; Zilhao, J. (2018). “Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago”. Science Advances 4 (2): eaar5255. Bibcode: 2018SciA....4.5255H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar5255. PMC 5833998. PMID 29507889. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5833998/. 
^ Moncel, M.-H.; Chiotti, L.; Gaillard, C.; Onoratini, G.; Pleurdeau, D. (2012). “Non utilitarian objects in the Palaeolithic: emergence of the sense of precious?”. Archaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology of Eurasia 401: 25?27. doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2012.05.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230703161. 

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