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^ イギリスでイタドリは厄介な外来種として問題になっている [57]。

出典 ^ Roger, Tricking (2003). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press. pp. 28?30. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 0-19-514691-3
^ a b "Definition of "guising"". Collins English Dictionary. (in Scotland and N England) the practice or custom of disguising oneself in fancy dress, often with a mask, and visiting people's houses, esp at Halloween
^ a b Rogers, Nicholas (2002). "Coming Over: Halloween in North America". Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press. p. 76. ISBN 0-19-514691-3.
^ a b c d “Ten trick-or-treating facts for impressive bonfire chats”. The Irish Times. (2014年10月31日). https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/ten-trick-or-treating-facts-for-impressive-bonfire-chats-1.1983165. "Scotland and Ireland started tricking: A few decades later a practice called ‘guising’ was in full swing in Scotland and Ireland. Short for ‘disguising’, children would go out from door to door dressed in costume and rather than pledging to pray, they would tell a joke, sing a song or perform another sort of “trick” in exchange for food or money. The expression trick or treat has only been used at front doors for the last 10 to 15 years. Before that "Help the Halloween Party" seems to have been the most popular phrase to holler."
^ Hall, Anna Maria (1847). Sharpe's London Magazine. p. 12. "Aubrey relates that, in his time, in Shropshire, &c., there was set upon the board a high heap of soul-cakes, lying one upon another like the picture of the shewbread in the old Bibles. They were about the bigness of twopenny cakes, and every visitant on the feast of All Souls took one. He adds, "There is an old rhyme or saying, 'A soul-cake, a soul-cake, have mercy on all Christian souls for a soul-cake.'""
^ Peddle, S. V. (2007). Pagan Channel Islands: Europe's Hidden Heritage. p. 54
^ British Folk Customs, Christina Hole (1976), p. 91
^ リサ・モートン 2014, p. 74.
^ Jackson, Jeanne L. (1995). Red Letter Days: The Christian Year in Story for Primary Assembly. ネルソン・ソーンズ（英語版）. p. 158. ISBN 9780748719341. "Later, it became the custom for poorer Christians to offer prayers for the dead, in return for money or food (soul cakes) from their wealthier neighbours. People would go 'souling' ? rather like carol singing ? requesting alms or soul cakes: 'A soul, a soul, a soul cake, Please to give us a soul cake, One for Peter, two for Paul, have mercy on us Christians all.'"
^ a b Hutton, pp. 374?375
^ Cleene, Marcel. Compendium of Symbolic and Ritual Plants in Europe. Man & Culture, 2002. p. 108. Quote: "Soul cakes were small cakes baked as food for the deceased or offered for the salvation of their souls. They were therefore offered at funerals and feasts of the dead, laid on graves, or given to the poor as representatives of the dead. The baking of these soul cakes is a universal practice".
^ Mary Mapes Dodge, ed (1883). St. Nicholas Magazine. Scribner & Company. p. 93. "Soul-cakes," which the rich gave to the poor at the Halloween season, in return for which the recipients prayed for the souls of the givers and their friends. And this custom became so favored in popular esteem that, for a long time, it was a regular observance in the country towns of England for small companies to go from parish to parish at Halloween, begging soul-cakes by singing under the windows some such verse as this: "Soul, souls, for a soul-cake; Pray you good mistress, a soul-cake!""
^ Miles, Clement A. (1912). Christmas in Ritual and Tradition. ⇒Chapter 7: All Hallow Tide to Martinmas.
^ The Two Gentlemen of Verona. Act 2, Scene 1.
^ Publications, Volume 16 (English Dialect Society), Harvard University Press, p. 507
^ Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt (1998) Forerunners to Halloween Pelican Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56554-346-7 p. 44
^ Rogers, Nicholas. (2002) "Festive Rights:Halloween in the British Isles". Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. p. 48. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514691-3
^ Sarah Carpenter (December 2001). “Scottish Guising: Medieval And Modern Theatre Games”. International Journal of Scottish Theatre 2 (2). ⇒オリジナルの2009-09-24時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20090924015205/http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/ScotLit/ASLS/ijost/Volume2_no2/1_carpenter_s.htm 2008年10月6日閲覧。.
^ Galoshans at Hallowe'en / News / Talk of the Towns. Greenock Telegraph. 27 Oct 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2011
^ Campbell, Oliver Frances (1900, 1902, 2005) The Gaelic Otherworld. Edited by Ronald Black. Birlinn Ltd. ISBN 1-84158-207-7 pp. 559?562
^ Arnold, Bettina (2001年10月31日). “Halloween Customs in the Celtic World”. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 2011年6月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年10月16日閲覧。
^ William Cramond, The records of Elgin, 2 (Aberdeen, 1903), pp. 176-7
^ Leslie, Frank (November 1895). Frank Leslie's popular monthly, Volume 4. pp. 540?543. https://books.google.com/books?id=x7_QAAAAMAAJ&q=Frank%20Leslie's%20popular%20monthly%201895%20Halloween&pg=PA540 2012年10月10日閲覧。
^ “Top ten Irish Halloween traditions and memories you may share”. Ireland Central. https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/craic/top-irish-halloween-memories-traditions 2018年10月23日閲覧。
^ a b “DOST: Hallow Evin”. Dsl.ac.uk. 2014年4月29日時点の ⇒オリジナルよりアーカイブ。

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