ツングース系民族
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^ Pulleyblank (1983), p. 452
^ a b c d e シロコゴロフ（1941）
^ a b 『満洲族』 - コトバンク
^ С.М.Широкогорова, Sergei Mikhailovich Shirokogorov
^ Balanovska, E. V. (2018). “Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population”. Russian Journal of Genetics 54 (10): 1245?1253. doi:10.1134/s1022795418100046.
^ Helimski, E. (2004). “Die Sprache(n) der Awaren: Die mandschu-tungusische Alternative”. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies II: 59?72.
^ Forsyth, James (1994). A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990 (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 214. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 0521477719. https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC&pg=PA214
^ Smith, Norman, ed (2017). Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria. Contemporary Chinese Studies. UBC Press. pp. 68, 69. ISBN 978-0774832922. https://books.google.com/books?id=_PRJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68
^ Bello, David A. (2016). Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain: Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China's Borderlands. Studies in Environment and History (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1107068841. https://books.google.com/books?id=vWVbCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90
^ Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 4. By Donald F. Lach
^ А.П. Οкладников， Алексей Павлович
^ 佐々木（1973）pp.249-253
^ 崎谷（2010）
^ a b Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431?9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
^ a b c Karafet T, Xu L, Du R et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615?28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
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