用途によっては、偽造・変造防止のための以下のような各種技術が用いられる。

識別器を用いて判別する - 発光インク、隠し磁気コード

複製を難しくする - マイクロ文字、複製防止画線

偽造を難しくする - 偽造防止ラベル（ホログラムなど）

変造を難しくする - 保護ラミネート層

カードの規格
ISO

国際標準化機構 (ISO)/国際電気標準会議 (IEC) が制定した国際規格 (IS) で、カードに関するものには次のものがある。

ISO/IEC 7810:2003 Identification cards -- Physical characteristics日本で広く用いられる規格のひとつ（後述）。

ISO/IEC 7811

ISO/IEC 7811-1:2002 Identification cards -- Recording technique -- Part 1: Embossing

ISO/IEC 7811-2:2001 Identification cards -- Recording technique -- Part 2: Magnetic stripe -- Low coercivity

ISO/IEC 7811-6:2001 Identification cards -- Recording technique -- Part 6: Magnetic stripe -- High coercivity

ISO/IEC 7811-7:2004 Identification cards -- Recording technique -- Part 7: Magnetic stripe -- High coercivity, high density


ISO/IEC 7812

ISO/IEC 7812-1:2000 Identification cards -- Identification of issuers -- Part 1: Numbering system

ISO/IEC 7812-2:2000 Identification cards -- Identification of issuers -- Part 2: Application and registration procedures


ISO/IEC 7816

ISO/IEC 7816-1:2011 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 1: Cards with contacts - Physical characteristics

ISO/IEC 7816-2:2007 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 2: Cards with contacts - Dimensions and location of the contacts

ISO/IEC 7816-3:2006 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 3: Cards with contacts ? Electrical interface and transmission protocols

ISO/IEC 7816-4:2013 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 4: Organization, security and commands for interchange

ISO/IEC 7816-5:1994 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts -- Part 5: Numbering system and registration procedure for application identifiers

ISO/IEC 7816-6:2004 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 6: Interindustry data elements for interchange

ISO/IEC 7816-7:1999 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts -- Part 7: Interindustry commands for Structured Card Query Language (SCQL)

ISO/IEC 7816-8:2004 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 8: Commands for security operations

ISO/IEC 7816-9:2004 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 9: Commands for card management

ISO/IEC 7816-15:2004 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit cards -- Part 15: Cryptographic information application


ISO 13491-2:2000 Banking -- Secure cryptographic devices (retail) -- Part 2: Security compliance checklists for devices used in magnetic stripe card systems

ISO/IEC 14443

ISO/IEC 14443-1:2000 Identification cards -- Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards -- Proximity cards -- Part 1: Physical characteristics

ISO/IEC 14443-2:2001 Identification cards -- Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards -- Proximity cards -- Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface

ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 Identification cards -- Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards -- Proximity cards -- Part 3: Initialization and anticollision

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001 Identification cards -- Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards -- Proximity cards -- Part 4: Transmission protocol


ISO/IEC 15457

ISO/IEC 15457-1:2001 Identification cards -- Thin flexible cards -- Part 1: Physical characteristics

ISO/IEC 15457-2:2001 Identification cards -- Thin flexible cards -- Part 2: Magnetic recording techniques

ISO/IEC 15457-3:2002 Identification cards -- Thin flexible cards -- Part 3: Test methods


JISC

日本産業標準調査会 (JISC) が制定した日本産業規格 (JIS) のうち、カードに関するものには次のものがある。
識別カード (630X)


JIS X 6301:1998 改 識別カード - 物理的特性次節で詳述。

JIS X 6302:1998 廃 識別カード - 記録技術

JIS X 6302-1:2005 制 識別カード - 記録技術 - 第1部：エンボス