オーク_(架空の生物)
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^ a b c Shippey, Tom (1979). Salu, Mary; Farrell, Robert T.. eds. Creation from Philology in the Lord of the Rings. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-80141-038-3. https://archive.org/details/jrrtolkienschola00unse/page/291
^ a b Wright, Thomas (1873). A second volume of vocabularies. privately printed. p. 63. https://archive.org/details/ASecondVolumeOfVocabularies
^ Pheifer (1974), p. 37n.
^ The Corpus Glossary (Corpus Christi College MS. 144)には、2項の語釈（グロス）が見つかる "orcus, orc" and "orcus, dyrs, hel-diobul.[5]
^ クレオパトラ語彙集（英語版）（10世紀）[4]、コーパス語彙集（英語版）（8-9世紀）[6]、エピナル＝エルフルト語彙集（英語版）（エピナル＝エアフルト語彙集、7世紀成立）[2]。
^ a b c Frank, Roberta (1997), “Old English Orc 'cup, goblet': a Latin Loanword with Attitude”, in Roberts, Jane; Nelson, Janet Laughland; Godden, Malcolm, Alfred the Wise: Studies in Honour of Janet Bately on the Occasion of Her Sixty-fifth Birthday, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, pp. 20, ISBN 9780859915151, https://books.google.com/books?id=t4i_yF6Daw8C&pg=PA20
^ そのままの音写だと「オーク＝ナス」[?]族だが複数形なので、単数形に直して「オーク＝ネ」[?]族となるだろうが、学術資料の根拠もないカナ表記の細工は混乱するので、しかたなく意訳の仮称をもちいる。
^ a b c Orchard, Andy (2003). A Critical Companion to Beowulf. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 137?138. ISBN 9781843840299. https://books.google.com/books?id=LfT460lWdWEC&pg=PA137
^ a b c 忍足欣四郎 訳『ベーオウルフ』岩波書店〈岩波文庫 赤275-1〉、1990年。
^ "eten, ettin" Oxford English Dictionary ? "†eten, ettin" , s. v. Murray, J. A. H. ed. (1897) A New English Dictionary on Historical Principle, Vol. III. p. 308.
^ a b c Klaeber, Friedrich John R. Clark Hall訳 (1950). Beowulf and the Finnesburg Fragment (3 ed.). Allen & Unwin. p. 183. https://books.google.com/books?id=pEUkrusVxRIC. "..'evil spirits' does not bring out all the meaning. Orcneas is compounded of orc (from the Lat. orcus "the underworld" or Hades) and neas "corpses". Necromancy was practised among the ancient Germani and was familiar among the pagan Norsemen who revived it in England when they invaded.""
^ a b Shippey, Tom (2000). J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 88. ISBN 9780547524436. https://books.google.com/books?id=F23AAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT125
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