オーク_(トールキン)
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Tolkien, letter #144、25 April 1954付[10]
^ Carpenter 1981, #144 to Naomi Mitchison 25 April 1954
^ a b c トールキン書簡（ナオミ・ミッチソン宛て。Tolkien, letter #144、25 April 1954付）より抜粋:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}I originally took the word from Old English orc (Beowulf 112 orc-neas and the gloss orc: tyrs ('ogre'), heldeofol ('hell-devil')). This is supposed not to be connected with modern English orc, ork, a name applied to various sea-beasts of the dolphin order.[14][15]
^ a b "Orc" Oxford English Dictionary ? "orc", Murray, J. A. H. ed. (1909) A New English Dictionary on Historical Principle, Vol. VII, Part II. p. 177.
^ Frank, Roberta (1997), “Old English Orc 'cup, goblet': a Latin Loanword with Attitude”, in Roberts, Jane; Nelson, Janet Laughland; Godden, Malcolm, Alfred the Wise: Studies in Honour of Janet Bately on the Occasion of Her Sixty-fifth Birthday, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, pp. 20, ISBN 9780859915151, https://books.google.com/books?id=t4i_yF6Daw8C&pg=PA20
^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (2005). Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina. eds. ⇒Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings. New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-720907-1. ⇒http://tolkien.ro/text/JRR%20Tolkien%20-%20Guide%20to%20the%20Names%20in%20The%20Lord%20of%20the%20Rings.pdf
^ Karthaus-Hunt, Beatrix (2002), “‘And What Happened After’: How J.R.R. Tolkien Visualized, and Other Artists Re-Visualized, the Denizens of Middle-earth”, in Westfahl, Gary; Slusser, George Edgar; Plummer, Kathleen Church, Unearthly Visions: Approaches to Science Fiction and Fantasy Art, Greenwood Press, pp. 138n, ISBN 0313317054, https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAVAQAAIAAJ&q=ork
^ 山本訳 (2012)『ホビット ゆきてかえりし物語』、400頁注。
^ a b Shippey (1982), p. 45: "eotenas ond ylfe ond orcneas 'ettens and elves and demon-corpses'".
^ a b 忍足欣四郎 訳『ベーオウルフ』岩波書店〈岩波文庫 赤275-1〉、1990年、第1詩節、第104?112行。
^ a b Chance, Jane (2016). “Tolkien's 'Beowulf' Teaching Translation”. In Anderson, Douglas Allen. Tolkien, Self and Other: "This Queer Creature". Springer. p. 194. ISBN 9781137398963. "Tolkien apparently did not want to translate 'ylfe' as elves, similarly cursed, beings over whom he may have felt proprietorial given his Silmarillion mythology"
^ a b 岡本訳 (2017)『トールキンのベーオウルフ物語《注釈版》』180頁。
^ Bratman, David (2006), Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina, eds., “The Artistry of Omissions and Revisions in The Lord of the Rings”, The Lord of the Rings, 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder (Marquette University Press): p. 125, ISBN 9780874620184, https://books.google.com/books?id=pIVlAAAAMAAJ&q=%22ork%22
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