オーク_(トールキン)

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出典 ^ a b c Kemball-Cook, Jessica (February 1977). “Three Notes on Names in Tolkien and Lewis”. Mythprint 15 (2): 2. https://books.google.com/books?id=4s0qAQAAIAAJ&q=%22rist%22+%22cleave%22.
^ Rose, Carol (2001). “Orc”. Spirits, Fairies, Gnomes, and Goblins: An Encyclopedia of the Little People. ABC-CLIO. p. 249. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 9780874368116. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxnXAAAAMAAJ&q=tolkien
^ キャロル・ローズ『世界の妖精・怪物事典』。Rose (1996) orc, p. 249.[2]
^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1988). “Queer Lodgings”. In Anderson, Douglas Allen. The Annotated Hobbit: The Hobbit, Or, There and Back Again. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 149, n9. ISBN 9780395476901. https://books.google.com/books?id=3hMhAQAAIAAJ&q=orc+orcrist
^ a b c Gilliver, Peter; Marshall, Jeremy; Weiner, Edmund (2009). “Part III. Word Studies. Orc.”. The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. pp. 174?175. ISBN 9780199568369. https://books.google.com/books?id=bszM-uwEQOkC&q=orc
^ 瀬田訳 (1965)第7章「ふしぎな宿り」pp. 179?220
^ 山本訳 (1997)第5章
 ^ Tolkien & Anderson (1988), p. 62, n4.
^ a b c d トールキン書簡（ナオミ・ミッチソン（英語版）宛て。Tolkien, letter #144、25 April 1954付 [10]
^ Carpenter 1981, #144 to Naomi Mitchison 25 April 1954
^ a b c トールキン書簡（ナオミ・ミッチソン宛て。Tolkien, letter #144、25 April 1954付）より抜粋:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}I originally took the word from Old English orc (Beowulf 112 orc-neas and the gloss orc: tyrs ('ogre'), heldeofol ('hell-devil')). This is supposed not to be connected with modern English orc, ork, a name applied to various sea-beasts of the dolphin order.[14][15]

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