オーク_(トールキン)
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^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1988). “Queer Lodgings”. In Anderson, Douglas Allen. The Annotated Hobbit: The Hobbit, Or, There and Back Again. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 149, n9. ISBN 9780395476901. https://books.google.com/books?id=3hMhAQAAIAAJ&q=orc+orcrist
^ a b c Gilliver, Peter; Marshall, Jeremy; Weiner, Edmund (2009). “Part III. Word Studies. Orc.”. The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. pp. 174?175. ISBN 9780199568369. https://books.google.com/books?id=bszM-uwEQOkC&q=orc
^ 瀬田訳 (1965)第7章「ふしぎな宿り」pp. 179?220
^ 山本訳 (1997)第5章
^ Tolkien & Anderson (1988), p. 62, n4.
^ a b c d トールキン書簡（ナオミ・ミッチソン（英語版）宛て。Tolkien, letter #144、25 April 1954付[10]
^ Carpenter 1981, #144 to Naomi Mitchison 25 April 1954
^ a b c トールキン書簡（ナオミ・ミッチソン宛て。Tolkien, letter #144、25 April 1954付）より抜粋:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}I originally took the word from Old English orc (Beowulf 112 orc-neas and the gloss orc: tyrs ('ogre'), heldeofol ('hell-devil')). This is supposed not to be connected with modern English orc, ork, a name applied to various sea-beasts of the dolphin order.[14][15]
^ a b "Orc" Oxford English Dictionary ? "orc", Murray, J. A. H. ed. (1909) A New English Dictionary on Historical Principle, Vol. VII, Part II. p. 177.
^ Frank, Roberta (1997), “Old English Orc 'cup, goblet': a Latin Loanword with Attitude”, in Roberts, Jane; Nelson, Janet Laughland; Godden, Malcolm, Alfred the Wise: Studies in Honour of Janet Bately on the Occasion of Her Sixty-fifth Birthday, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, pp. 20, ISBN 9780859915151, https://books.google.com/books?id=t4i_yF6Daw8C&pg=PA20
^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (2005). Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina. eds. ⇒Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings. New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-720907-1. ⇒http://tolkien.ro/text/JRR%20Tolkien%20-%20Guide%20to%20the%20Names%20in%20The%20Lord%20of%20the%20Rings.pdf
^ Karthaus-Hunt, Beatrix (2002), “‘And What Happened After’: How J.R.R. Tolkien Visualized, and Other Artists Re-Visualized, the Denizens of Middle-earth”, in Westfahl, Gary; Slusser, George Edgar; Plummer, Kathleen Church, Unearthly Visions: Approaches to Science Fiction and Fantasy Art, Greenwood Press, pp. 138n, ISBN 0313317054, https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAVAQAAIAAJ&q=ork
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