イストミア大祭
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^ Plutarch, Life of Theseus ⇒25.4?5.
^ Plutarch, Life of Theseus ⇒25.4?5.
^ ⇒http://www.cubicao.tk/theory/cuberepresentation.html
^ Solinus, Wonders of the World ⇒7.14.
^ According to Solinus, the Isthmian Games were constituted in the 49th Olympiad (Solinus, Wonders of the World ⇒7.14). The 49th Olympiad began in 584 BC. The Olympic Games took place in ⇒July/August; the Isthmian Games in April/May of the second year of the Olympiad. The second year of the 49th Olympiad was from July/August 583 to July/August 582 BC. The date 582 BC is accepted by historically-derived documents, for instance, Der neue Pauly (under Isthmia).
^ 古希語 σ?λινον: ピンダロス, Isthmian Odes ⇒2.16, ⇒8.64.
^ “At the Isthmus the pine, and at Nemea celery became the prize to commemorate the sufferings of Palaemon and Archemorus.” (Pausanias, Description of Greece ⇒8.48.2).
^ “As he was marching up an ascent, from the top of which they expected to have a view of the army and of the strength of the enemy, there met him by chance a train of mules loaded with parsley; which his soldiers conceived to be an ominous occurrence or ill-boding token, because this is the herb with which we not unfrequently adorn the sepulchres of the dead; and there is a proverb derived from the custom, used of one who is dangerously sick, that he has need of nothing but parsley. So to ease their minds, and free them from any superstitious thoughts or forebodings of evil, Timoleon halted, and concluded an address suitable to the occasion, by saying, that a garland of triumph was here luckily brought them, and had fallen into their hands of its own accord, as an anticipation of victory: the same with which the Corinthians crown the victors in the Isthmian games, accounting chaplets of parsley the sacred wreath proper to their country; parsley being at that time still the emblem of victory at the Isthmian, as it is now at the Nemean sports; and it is not so very long ago that the pine first began to be used in its place.” “26.(1.) ?ναβα?νοντι δ’ α?τ? πρ?? λ?φον, ?ν ?περβαλ?ντε? ?μελλον κατ??ψεσθαι τ? στρ?τευμα κα? τ?ν δ?ναμιν τ?ν πολεμ?ων, ?μβ?λλουσιν ?μ?ονοι(2.) σ?λινα κομ?ζοντε?, κα? το?? στρατι?ται? ε?σ?λθε πονηρ?ν ε?ναι τ? ση?με?ον, ?τι τ? μν?ματα τ?ν νεκρ?ν ε??θαμεν ?πιεικ?? στεφανο?ν σελ??νοι?・ κα? παροιμ?α τι? ?κ το?του γ?γονε, τ?ν ?πισφαλ?? νοσο?ντα δε?σθαι(3.) [το?τον] το? σελ?νου. βουλ?μενο? ο?ν α?το?? ?παλλ?ξαι τ?? δεισιδαιμο?ν?α? κα? τ?ν δυσελπιστ?αν ?φελε?ν, ? Τιμολ?ων ?πιστ?σα? τ?ν πορε?αν?λλα τε <πολλ?> πρ?ποντα τ? καιρ? διελ?χθη, κα? τ?ν στ?φανον α?το???φη πρ? τ?? ν?κη? κομιζ?μενον α?τομ?τω? ε?? τ?? χε?ρα? ?κειν, ?περΚορ?νθιοι στεφανο?σι το?? ?σθμια νικ?ντα?, ?ερ?ν κα? π?τριον στ?μμα (5)(4.) <τ?> το? σελ?νου νομ?ζοντε?. ?τι γ?ρ τ?τε τ?ν ?σθμ?ων, ?σπερ ν?ν τ?ν(5.) Νεμε?ων, τ? σ?λινον ?ν στ?φανο?, ο? π?λαι δ’ ? π?τυ? γ?γονεν.” (Plutarch, ⇒Life of Timoleon).
^ Todo: Oscar Broneer, ‘The Isthmian victory crown’, American Journal of Archaeology 66 (1962), pp.259?263.
^ Pausanias, Description of Greece ⇒2.1.7. None of the statues have survived.
^ From Solon (638?558 BC) onwards, for he laid it down that “the victor in the Isthmian games was to be paid a hundred drachmas, and the Olympic victor five hundred” (Plutarch, Live of Solon ⇒23.3). According to Diogenes Laertius, Solon “diminished the honours paid to Athletes who were victorious in the games, fixing the prize for a victor at Olympia at five hundred drachmae, and for one who conquered at the Isthmian games at one hundred” (Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Philosophers 1.55: ⇒Solon; ⇒Greek). For comparison: the daily wage for a skilled worked was approximately 1 drachma. Victors in the Isthmian games were not included in those athletes that were entitled to free meals in the [Prytaneion] ( ⇒IG I3 131).
^ Polybius, Histories ⇒2.12.8.
^ Polybius, Histories ⇒18.46
^ “ ⇒Appian, Roman History”. livius.org. 2016年8月23日閲覧。
^ Pausanias, Description of Greece ⇒2.2.1.
^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 2.1.2.
^ Pausanias, Description of Greece ⇒5.2.4.
^ Aristomache, a poetess from Erythraea, had won the prize at the Isthmian Games: … ?? ?ν τ? Σικυων?ων θησαυρ? χρυσο?ν ?ν?κειτο βιβλ?ον ?ριστομ?χη? ?ν?θημα τ?? ?ρυθρα?α? ?πικ? … ποι?ματι δ?? ?σθμια νενικηκυ?α? (Plutarch, Symposiacs/Quaestiones convivales 675b7?10 ⇒5.2).
^ Pausanias, Description of Greece ⇒6.15.3.
^ ”?? ? ?σθμικ?? σπονδ?? Κορινθ?ων ?παγγειλ?ντων” (Pausanias, Description of Greece ⇒5.2.1).
^ Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War ⇒8.10.
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⇒The Sanctuary of Poseidon at the ⇒Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
⇒Archaeological Museum of Isthmia.
⇒University of Chicago Excavations at Isthmia.
Perseus Site Catalog: ⇒Isthmia.
Britannica 1911: ⇒Classical games
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