イスタンブール
□記事を途中から表示しています
[最初から表示]
注釈^ a b c Sources have provided conflicting figures on the area of Istanbul. The most authoritative source on this figure ought to be the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), but the English version of its website suggests a few figures for this area. One page states that "Each MM is sub-divided into District Municipalities ("DM") of which there are 27 in Istanbul [emphasis added] with a total area of 1,538.9 square kilometers (594.2 sq mi).[99] However, the Municipal History page appears to be the most explicit and most updated, saying that in 2004, "Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality's jurisdiction was enlarged to cover all the area within the provincial limits". It also states a 2008 law merged the Eminonu district into the Fatih district (a point that is not reflected in the previous source) and increased the number of districts in Istanbul to thirty-nine.[100] That total area, as corroborated on the Turkish version of the MMI website,[101] and a recently updated Jurisdiction page on the English site[102] is 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi).
^ a b c The foundation of Byzantion (Byzantium) is sometimes, especially in encyclopedic or other tertiary sources, placed firmly in 667 BC. However, historians have disputed the precise year the city was founded. Commonly cited is the work of 5th-century-BC historian Herodotus, which says the city was founded seventeen years after the city of Chalcedon,[21] which came into existence around 685 BC. However, Eusebius, while concurring with 685 BC as the year Chalcedon was founded, places Byzantion's establishment in 659 BC.[22] Among more modern historians, Carl Roebuck proposed the 640s BC[23] while others have suggested even later. Further, the foundation date of Chalcedon is itself subject to some debate; while many sources place it in 685 BC,[24] others put it in 675 BC[25] or even 639 BC (with Byzantion's establishment placed in 619 BC).[22] As such, some sources have opted to refer to Byzantium's foundation as simply located in the 7th century BC.
^ カザフスタンの首都アスタナも同源である。
^ a b Historians disagree?sometimes substantially?on population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. However, Chandler 1987, pp. 463?505, a follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974,[84] performs a comprehensive look at different sources' estimates and chooses the most likely based on historical conditions; it, therefore, is the source of most population figures between 100 and 1914. The ranges of values between 500 and 1000 are due to Morris 2010, which also does a comprehensive analysis of sources, including Chandler (1987); Morris notes that many of Chandler's estimates during that time seem too large for the city's size, and presents alternative, smaller estimates. Chandler disagrees with Turan 2010 on the population of the city in the mid-1920s (with the former suggesting 817,000 in 1925), but Turan, p. 224, is, nevertheless, used as the source of population figures between 1924 and 2005. Turan's figures, as well as the 2010 figure,[161] come from the ⇒Turkish Statistical Institute. The drastic increase in population between 1980 and 1985 is largely due to an enlargement of the city's limits (see the Administration section). Explanations for population changes in pre-Republic times can be inferred from the History section.
^ The United Nations defines an urban agglomeration as the population contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels without regard to administrative boundaries. The agglomeration usually incorporates the population in a city or town plus that in the suburban areas lying outside of, but being adjacent to, the city boundaries.[164] Figures dated 1 July 2011 place the populations of the agglomerations of Moscow and Istanbul at 11.62 million and 11.25 million, respectively.[165] The UN estimates that the agglomeration of Istanbul will exceed the agglomeration of Moscow in population by 2015 (with 12.46 million and 12.14 million, respectively), although extrapolation suggests that the former will not surpass latter until the second half of 2013. A revision with 2013 data is due in the first half of 2014.[164]
^ While UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals,[247] which Ataturk Olympic Stadium did in 2005, and UEFA Europa League (formerly UEFA Cup) Finals,[248] which ?ukru Saraco?lu Stadium did in 2009. Turk Telekom Arena is noted as an elite UEFA stadium by its architects.[249]
出典^ “The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2021”. Turkish Statistical Institute (2021年2月4日). 2022年4月25日閲覧。
^ a b c “ ⇒Province by Province / Town Center and Town / Village Population ? 2011”. Address Population-Based Registration System (ABPRS) Database. The Turkish Statistical Institute (2011年). 2012年5月9日閲覧。
^ a b Mossberger, Clarke & John 2012, p. 145
^ ⇒Demographia: World Urban Areas & Population Projections
^ ⇒Statistical Institute page
^ a b 日高ら(1990)、p.10-11、1.イスタンブールへようこそ、- 歴史を辿る＜神話の中で生まれた町＞
^ 日高ら(1990)、p.6-7、1.イスタンブールへようこそ、- イスタンブールに魅せられて
^ a b c WCTR Society; Un?yu Seisaku Kenky? Kik? 2004, p. 281
^ a b c 井上(1990)、p.56-58、2-「新しいローマ」の登場、憧れの都コンスタンティノープル
^ Celik 1993, p. xv
^ a b Masters & Agoston 2009, pp. 114?5
^ Dumper & Stanley 2007, p. 320
次ページ記事の検索おまかせリスト▼オプションを表示暇つぶしWikipedia
Size:390 KB
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
担当:undef