出生順位（しゅっしょうじゅんい、英: Birth order）は、長子と次子のように、同じ夫婦間で生まれた子供の時間的な順序を指す。出生順位は、心理発達面で大きく永続的な影響を及ぼすと考えられていることが多い。この主張は何度も疑問視されており[1]、最大規模のマルチスタディの研究では、出生順位の影響はゼロまたはゼロに近いことが示唆されている[2]。出生順位理論にはゾンビ理論の特徴があり[3]、それは立証されていないにもかかわらず[2]、通俗心理学や大衆文化において強い存在感を持っている[4][5]。
関連項目

家族

アドラー心理学

一人っ子

長子相続

参考文献^ Rodgers, JL; Cleveland, HH; Van Den Oord, E; Rowe, DC (2000). “Resolving the debate over birth order, family size, and intelligence”. The American Psychologist 55 (6): 599?612. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.599. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}PMID 10892201. 
^ a b Damian, Rodica Ioana; Roberts, Brent W. (2015-11-17). ⇒“Settling the debate on birth order and personality”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (46): 14119?14120. doi:10.1073/pnas.1519064112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4655556. PMID 26518507. ⇒http://www.pnas.org/content/112/46/14119. 
^ Ferguson, Christopher J.; Heene, Moritz (2012-11-01). ⇒“A Vast Graveyard of Undead Theories Publication Bias and Psychological Science’s Aversion to the Null”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 7 (6): 555?561. doi:10.1177/1745691612459059. ISSN 1745-6916. PMID 26168112. ⇒http://pps.sagepub.com/content/7/6/555. 
^ Isaacson, Clifford E (2002). The Birth Order Effect: How to Better Understand Yourself and Others. Adams Media Corporation. ISBN 1580625517. https://books.google.com/books?id=WDKvpczaEpMC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=fourthborns&source=bl&ots=DyBcaPu81_&sig=rroo3FBt5a345pflW7jmwpCnjcA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kIXLT_TZGM7DtAam1bCZBw&ved=0CFsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=fourthborn&f=false 
^ Bradshaw, John (1996). The Family: A New Way of Creating Solid Self-esteem. Health Communications. pp. 36?37. ISBN 1558744274. https://books.google.com/books?id=VmF-4cco9nMC&pg=PA36&dq=%22fourth+children%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gOnIT7ecM9HssgbN3JWJDw&ved=0CGEQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=%22fourth%20children%22&f=false 

外部リンク

⇒Birth order and intelligence

Birth order and personality

CNN article

The Independent article

⇒Time article

USA Today article on CEOs