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解説Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.pngEnglish: Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk, using the vertebral column
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目次
1 概要
1.1 References
2 ライセンス
3 Human body diagrams
3.1 How to derive an image
3.1.1 Derive directly from raster image with organs
3.1.2 Derive "from scratch"
3.1.3 Derive by vector template
3.2 Examples of derived works
3.3 Licensing
概要
To discuss image, please see Talk:Human body diagrams All included images are in public domain Spinal vertebrae levels: Gross overview of organ locations:
日付2010年9月5日
原典
References
Located at middle of frontal face of spinal vertebrae according to reference the image :File:Gray 111 - Vertebral column.png when pasted into image to superiorly fit the surface bulges of the clavicular bones and inferiorly fit the surface bulges of the anterior iliac spine.
Plate 260B - Regions and Planes of Adbomen. From: The Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy Version 3.0 (CD-ROM). Authors: Frank H. Netter and Carlos A. G. Machado. Published by Saunders, October 1, 2002. ISBN-10: 1929007140. ISBN-13: 978-1929007141.
⇒Fig 139 from The SPENCER SYSTEM. SEVENTEENTH EDITION
Plate 1034
Locations of specific organs:
The following vertebral levels are generally given by the middle of the vertebral body.
Balens ytanatomy (Superficial anatomy of the trunk). Anca Dragomir, Mats Hjortberg and Godfried M. Romans. Section for human anatomy at the Department of medical cell biology, Uppsala university, Sweden.
Key points from that compendium:
The oblique fissure of the right lung goes from the intercostal space 4 to 6
The horizontal fissure goes along the 4th rib (the original image from Gray has this line almost at the 5th rib, but this is not labeled in image, as other lung images seem to support the upper level)
The cardia of the stomach is at the level of the 10th rib
The fundus of the stomach is in the 5th intercostal space, slightly below the apex of the heart
Pylorus is usually at the L1 (the transpyloric plane)
The transpyloric plane is at the level of:
lumbar vertebra 1
the pancreatic body
the origins of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta and portal vein
the left and right colic flexure
hilum of the kidney on the left
upper pole of the kidney on the right
duodenojejunal flexure
McBurney's point is located one third of a line from the anterior superior iliac spine and the navel
The upper rim of the liver is in the 5th intercostal space
The left lobe of the liver is to the left of the midline
The lower limit of the liver at the midline is approximately 3 cm below processus xiphoideus
The spleen is projected against the 9th and 10th rib on the backside
The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, and the right one slightly lower.
Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Appendix: Topography of the Thorax and Abdomen. Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S. ⇒[1]:
The average position of the highest point of the spleen is at the level of the lower third of the tenth thoracic vertebra.
The average position of the lowest point of the spleen is at the level of the middle third of the first lumbar vertebra.
Position of the navel
Usually between the L3 and L5 vertebral level - ⇒Basic Human Anatomy - O'Rahilly, Muller, Carpenter & Swenson - Chapter 25: Abdominal walls. Dartmouth Medical School. Retrieved November 2010
Urinary tract:
File:Urinary tract en.png
作者Mikael Haggstrom
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