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解説Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration.svgEnglish: This figure shows the history of atmospheric carbon dioxide
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目次
1 概要
2 Keeling curve
3 Create this plot
4 R code
5 ライセンス
5.1 Data source license
概要
The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide is caused by seasonal variations in carbon dioxide uptake by land plants. Since many more forests are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, more carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere during Northern Hemisphere summer than Southern Hemisphere summer. This annual cycle is shown in the inset figure by taking the average concentration for each month across all measured years.The red curve shows the average monthly concentrations, and blue curve is a smoothed trend.The carbon dioxide data is measured as the mole fraction in dry air. This dataset constitutes the longest record of direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere (regularly updated).
日付2019年1月6日
原典投稿者自身による著作物. Data from Dr. Pieter Tans, ⇒NOAA/ESRL and Dr. Ralph Keeling, ⇒Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
作者Oeneis
その他のバージョン
Keeling curveEnglish: Plots of the Keeling curve produced with R
catala
?e?tina
Deutsch
English
espanol
francais
Nederlands
norsk nynorsk
polski
roman?
русский
Create this plotiこのSVGのソースコードは正しい.
この 統計図表はRで作成されました。
R code# Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2 change# multi language plot for Wikipedia# using different possible sources (Scripps if NOAA is not available)# # Used for https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg# and related files in other languages. See all files in :# https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Other_versions/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration# # Update this script on :# https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Other_versions/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.R&action=edit# Required packages. used for :library(readr) # reading datalibrary(dplyr) # data processinglibrary(ggplot2) # plotlibrary(gridExtra) # plot positionninglibrary(scales) # pretty breaks on plot axislibrary(lubridate) # date processinglibrary(httr) # check urllibrary(Hmisc) # ci from bootstrap# install all locales beforehand, e.g. :# sudo locale-gen ca_ES.UTF-8old_locale <- Sys.getlocale("LC_TIME")# Translations ------------------------------------------------------------language <- list( ca_ES = list( locale_lc_time = "ca_ES.UTF-8", title = bquote("Mitjana mensual de la concentratio de"~CO[2]), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("dades : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("dades : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) i\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada ", Sys.Date()), x = "any", y = bquote("fraccio de"~CO[2]~"en aire sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "mes", y2 = bquote(atop("fraccio de"~CO[2]~"en aire sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "desviacio de la mitjana anual")), title2 = "Variacio mensual" ), cs_CZ = list( locale_lc_time = "cs_CZ.UTF-8", title = "Pr?m?rne m?si?ni koncentrace oxidu uhli?iteho", subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper a A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). P?istupne", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) a\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). P?istupne", Sys.Date()), x = "rok", y = bquote("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchem vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "m?sic", y2 = bquote(atop("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchem vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "odchylka od ro?niho pr?m?ru")), title2 = "M?si?ni zm?na (pr?m?rna ro?ni odchylka)" ), de_DE = list( locale_lc_time = "de_DE.UTF-8", title = bquote("Monatliche durchschnittliche"~CO[2]*"-Konzentration"), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("Datei : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper und A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Zuganglich am", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("Datei : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) und\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Zuganglich am", Sys.Date()), x = "Jahr", y = bquote(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Monate", y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abweichung vom Jahresmittel")), title2 = "Monatliche Variation" ), en_US = list( locale_lc_time = "en_US.UTF-8", title = bquote("Monthly mean"~CO[2]~"concentration"), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("Data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("Data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) and\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed ", Sys.Date()), x = "Year", y = bquote(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Month", y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Departure from yearly average")), title2 = "Seasonal variation" ), es_ES = list( locale_lc_time = "es_ES.UTF-8", title = bquote("Media mensual de la concentracion de"~CO[2]), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("dato : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper y A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("dato : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) y\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()), x = "Ano", y = bquote("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Mes", y2 = bquote(atop("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Desviacion de la media anual")), title2 = "Variacion mensual" ), fr_FR = list( locale_lc_time = "fr_FR.UTF-8", title = bquote("Moyenne mensuelle de la concentration de"~CO[2]), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("donnees : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper et A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accede le", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("donnees : Dr Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) et\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accede le", Sys.Date()), x = "annee", y = bquote("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "mois", y2 = bquote(atop("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "en ecart a la moyenne annuelle")), title2 = "Variation saisonniere" ), nl_NL = list( locale_lc_time = "nl_NL.UTF-8", title = bquote("Maandelijkse gemiddelde"~CO[2]*"-concentratie"), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = glue("Gegevens : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper en A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Geopend {Sys.Date()}"), caption_noaa = glue("Gegevens : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) en\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed {Sys.Date()}"), x = "Jaar", y = bquote(CO[2]*"-fractie in droge lucht ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Mannd", y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-fractie in droge lucht ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Afwijking van jaargemiddelde")), title2 = "Seizoensgebonden variatie" ), nn_NO = list( locale_lc_time = "nn_NO.UTF-8", title = bquote("Gjennomsnittlig manedlig"~CO[2]*"-konsentrasjon"), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper og A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Vist", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) og\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Vist", Sys.Date()), x = "Ar", y = bquote(CO[2]*"-andel i torr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Maned", y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-andel i torr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Avvik fra arlig gjennomsnitt")), title2 = "Arlig variasjon" ), pl_PL = list( locale_lc_time = "pl_PL.UTF-8", title = bquote("?rednie miesi?czne st??enie"~CO[2]), subtitle = "Mauna Loa", caption_scripps = paste("Dane : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper i A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Dost?p na", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("Dane : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) i\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Dost?p na", Sys.Date()), x = "Rok", y = bquote("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Miesi?c", y2 = bquote(atop("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Odej?cie od ?redniej rocznej")), title2 = "Wahania sezonowe" ), ro_RO = list( locale_lc_time = "ro_RO.UTF-8", title = bquote("Concentra?ia medie lunar? de"~CO[2]), subtitle = "Mauna Loa, Hawaii", caption_scripps = paste("Date: R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper ?i A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accesat in", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("Date : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) ?i\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accesat in", Sys.Date()), x = "An", y = bquote("Ponderea"~CO[2]~"in aer uscat ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Lun?", y2 = bquote(atop("Abaterea cotei"~CO[2]~"in aer uscat ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abatere de la media anual?")), title2 = "Varia?ie sezonier?" ), ru_RU = list( locale_lc_time = "ru_RU.UTF-8", title = bquote("Среднемесячная и среднегодовая концентрации"~CO[2]), subtitle = "Мауна Лоа, Гаваи", caption_scripps = paste("данные : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper и A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). доступ на", Sys.Date()), caption_noaa = paste("данные : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) и\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). доступ на ", Sys.Date()), x = "Годы", y = bquote("Доля"~CO[2]~"в сухом воздухе ("*mu*"mol/mol)"), x2 = "Месяцы", y2 = bquote(atop("Отклонение доли"~CO[2]~"в сухом воздухе", "от среднегодового значения, мкмоль/моль")), title2 = "Сезонные колебания" ) )# Data --------------------------------------------------------------------# First try NOAA data, if not availble use Scripps dataif (!http_error("ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt")) { # https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html source <- "noaa" co2ml <- read_table( "ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt", col_names = c("year", "month", "decimal", "average", "deseason", "ndays", "stddays", "unc"), col_types = "iidddidd", na = c("-99.99", "-1"), comment = "#") %>% group_by(year) %>% mutate(year_mean = mean(average, na.rm = TRUE), delta = average - year_mean, vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01")))%>% rename(co2 = average) } else { # https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2/primary_mlo_co2_record # used during US gov shutdown source <- "scripps" co2ml <- read_csv( "https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/assets/data/atmospheric/stations/in_situ_co2/monthly/monthly_in_situ_co2_mlo.csv", col_names = c("year", "month", "xls_date", "decimal", "co2_raw", "co2_raw_seas_adj", "fit", "fit_seas_adj", "co2_filled", "co2_filled_seas_adj"), col_types = "iiiddddddd", skip = 57, na = "-99.99", comment = "\"") %>% group_by(year) %>% mutate(year_mean = mean(co2_filled, na.rm = TRUE), delta = co2_filled - year_mean, vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01"))) %>% rename(co2 = co2_filled)}# Generate the plot for each language -------------------------------------for (l in names(language)) { message(l) current <- language[[l]] # format the date in local names Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", current$locale_lc_time) # main plot p1 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(decimal, co2)) + geom_line(color = "pink") + geom_point(color = "red", size = 0.6) + stat_smooth(span = 0.1) + scale_x_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) + scale_y_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) + labs(x = current$x, y = current$y, title = current$title, subtitle = paste(current$subtitle, min(co2ml$year), "-", max(co2ml$year)), caption = paste(current[[paste0("caption_", source)]], "https://w.wiki/4ZWn", sep = "\n")) + theme_bw() + theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 7)) # inset plot p2 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(vdate, delta)) + geom_hline(yintercept = 0) + stat_smooth(span = 0.4, se = FALSE) + stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot", colour = "red", size = 0.3) + scale_x_date(breaks = pretty_breaks(4), minor_breaks = pretty_breaks(12), labels = date_format("%b")) + labs(x = current$x2, y = current$y2, title = current$title2) + theme_bw() # merge the plots and export in SVG p1 + annotation_custom(grob = ggplotGrob(p2), xmin = 1957, xmax = 1991, ymin = 361, ymax = 420) ggsave(file = paste("co2_mauna_loa", l, Sys.Date(), "wp.svg", sep = "_"), width = 20, height = 20, units = "cm", device = svg)}# return to former localeSys.setlocale("LC_TIME", old_locale)
