Palmitoylethanolamide、略称はPEA[1]、内因性脂肪酸アミドの一種であり[2][3]、抗炎症鎮痛作用がある[4]。天然に存在する生物学的に活性な脂質で、動物や植物にも存在する[5]。PEAの主要な標的の1つはペルオキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体（PPAR?α）であると考えられている[6][7]。PEAはカンナビノイド受容体GPR55およびGPR119に対しても親和性を有する[8]。
研究と生産

Palmitoylethanolamide、1957年に発見され[9][10]、食品や多くの生体内に生理活性成分として存在している[11]。消炎鎮痛薬としての適応症は1980年以前にさかのぼる。1990年代半ばには、PEAとの関係が記述されている[12]。2021年4月、中国に拠点を置く医薬品メーカー[13]CofttekはPEAの大量生産を導入した[14]。
脚注^ “Palmitoylethanolamide controls reactive gliosis and exerts neuroprotective functions in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease”. Nature (Cell Death and Disease). (2014年9月11日). https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2014376 
^ Ronald Ross Watson; Victor R. Preedy (11 September 2014). Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease: Prevention and Therapy. Academic Press. pp. 166?. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 978-0-12-411529-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=MUR9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 
^ “Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor”. Nature (Scientific Reports). (2017年3月23日). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-00342-1 
^ Nervous System Trauma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition: ScholarlyBrief. ScholarlyEditions. (22 July 2013). pp. 15?. ISBN 978-1-4816-5451-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=z7Hwh_yzKQsC&pg=PA15 
^ Chiara Noli; Silvia Colombo (15 June 2020). Feline Dermatology. Springer Nature. pp. 484?. ISBN 978-3-030-29836-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=x7frDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA484 
^ “Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors”. British Journal of Pharmacology 152 (5): 576?82. (November 2007). doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707423. PMC 2190029. PMID 17704824. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2190029/. 
^ “The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide”. Molecular Pharmacology 67 (1): 15?9. (January 2005). doi:10.1124/mol.104.006353. PMID 15465922. 
^ Godlewski G, Offertaler L, Wagner JA, Kunos G (September 2009). “Receptors for acylethanolamides-GPR55 and GPR119”. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 89 (3?4): 105?11. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.07.001. PMC 2751869. PMID 19615459. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2751869/. 
^ Hesselink, Jan M Keppel; Kopsky, David J. “Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in nerve compression syndromes: efficacy and safety in sciatic pain and carpal tunnel syndrome”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (Journal of Pain Research) 8. doi:10.2147/JPR.S93106. PMID 26604814. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631430/. 
^ Hesselink, J. M. Keppel; Boer, Tineke de; Witkamp, Renger F. (3 June 2021). “Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Body-Own Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Effective and Safe against Influenza and Common Cold”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (International Journal of Inflammation) 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/151028. PMID 24066256. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771453/ 2021年6月3日閲覧。. 
^ Hesselink, Jan M. Keppel; Costagliola, Ciro; Fakhry, Josiane; Kopsky, David J.. “Palmitoylethanolamide, a Natural Retinoprotectant: Its Putative Relevance for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy”. National Center for Biotechnology Information (Journal of Ophthalmology) 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/430596. PMID 26664738. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667059/ 2021年6月3日閲覧。 
^ Facci L, Dal Toso R, Romanello S, Buriani A, Skaper SD, Leon A (April 1995). “Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 (8): 3376?80. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...92.3376F. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3376. PMC 42169. PMID 7724569. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC42169/. 
^ “China fires back at U.S. allegations of lack of transparency”. Associated Press. (2021年2月14日). https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/china-fires-back-at-u-s-allegations-of-lack-of-transparency-1.5308491